Korea100 - 사용자 기여 [ko]

대문

2023-06-29T00:49:09Z

Lyndsey:

__NOTOC__
<center>
100가지 이야기로 배우는 한국의 역사와 문화 
History and Culture of Korea in 100 Topics
</center>

<gallery mode="packed" heights=400px>
File:KOREA101_mainpage_KOR.jpg|link=한국어 대문
File:KOREA101_mainpage_ENG.jpg|link=Welcome to Korea 100!
</gallery>

=='''시각자료 Visual Materials'''==
<center>
{{clickable button|[[Maps|지도 Maps]]}}
{{clickable button|[[Images|사진 Images]]}}
{{clickable button|[[Illustrations|일러스트 Illustrations]]}}
{{clickable button|[[Videos|동영상 Videos]]}}
</center>

----
<gallery mode=packed heights=50px>
파일:cc_by_sa.png
</gallery>
<center>
“100가지 이야기로 배우는 한국의 역사와 문화” 사이트의 모든 콘텐츠는 자유롭게 이용하실 수 있습니다. 자료 이용시 출처 표기는 다음과 같이 합니다.

한국학중앙연구원, 『100가지 이야기로 배우는 한국의 역사와 문화』, 2017. https://dhlab.aks.ac.kr/~Korea101/wiki/

All content on the“History and Culture of Korea in 100 Topics” website can be freely used. The attribution for using the materials is as follows:

Academy of Korean Studies, "History and Culture of Korea in 100 Topics", 2017. https://dhlab.aks.ac.kr/~Korea101/wiki/
</center>

Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces

2018-03-07T00:55:37Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선의 왕조사가 고스란히 담긴 5대 궁궐
}}

In Korean, the term "palace" – ''gung'' – can refer to an [[official palace complex]], [[secondary palace complex]], [[travel palace]], and [[residential palace|residential palaces]] of the extended royal family. Smaller "palaces" for various royal family members were also located within the large official and secondary palace complexes.

The first palace built within [[Joseon]]’s capital, [[Seoul|Hanyang]], was [[Gyeongbokgung Palace|Gyeongbokgung]]. It was called the "official" palace because it contained the "required" six palaces for the king, the queen, the queen dowager, the prince, the princess, and the king’s concubine(s). However, Gyeongbokgung was considered inauspicious and was left in ruins for 250 years after the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598. In the 1860s, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt by Heungseon Daewongun, the father of and regent to King Gojong, as a means to symbolically reclaim royal authority. But King Gojong did not live there long. In 1897, he moved to Gyeongungung Palace, a former residential palace, and made this the imperial palace of the [[Korean Empire]]. This palace was renamed [[Deoksugung Palace|Deoksugung]] and Western-style buildings were constructed alongside Korean ones.

Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal family preferred the "Eastern Palace Complex” – [[Changdeokgung Palace|Changdeokgung]] and [[Changgyeonggung Palace|Changgyeonggung]], together – because it was considered more auspicious, provided enough room for the royal family, and followed a layout that better suited the Korean aesthetic and harmonized with the environment.

An example of a residential palace remaining today is [[Unhyeongung Palace|Unhyeongung]], where [[King Gojong (Joseon)|King Gojong]] was born. Travel palaces, located in the provincial capital fortresses, were all destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. But some, such as the one in [http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~heritage/wiki/index.php/%EC%88%98%EC%9B%90_%ED%99%94%EC%84%B1 Hwaseong Fortress] and [[Namhansanseong Fortress]], have been recently restored.

Large palace complexes contain three sections: outer quarters, inner quarters, and administrative quarters. The outer quarters were where meetings, rituals, and ceremonies were held. Three gates, including the main palace gate, must be passed through to arrive at the main throne hall where important events were held. Behind or next to the main throne hall is a smaller throne hall where the king would have his daily meetings with top officials. The inner quarters were where the royal family lived, with separate spaces for the king, queen, queen dowager, prince, princess, and concubine(s). The administrative quarters were where the royal staff and government officials lived and worked. Some of the palaces also contained shrines, gardens, and farming areas where the royals could learn about agriculture. All buildings had their own courtyard and were decorated with elaborate and colorful ''[[dancheong]]''.

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial period]], vast majority of palace buildings were destroyed. Though Korea experienced a tremendous loss of its royal architecture, the South Korean government is actively engaging in restoration efforts across the country to make it possible to experience the scale of the palaces as they once were. Today, Changdeokgung Palace and Hwaseong Fortress, where the Hwaseong Travel Palace is located, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Photographs==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul) / Courtesy of Yun Sang-gu">
File:3-18.경복궁 광화문-DSC_2897.jpg|Gwanghwamun Gate, the main gate
File:3-18.경복궁 근정전 내부-DSC_3030.jpg|Inside Geungjeongjeon Hall, the main throne hall
File:3-18.경복궁 경회루-DSC_3124.jpg|Gyeonghoeru Pavilion
File:3-18.경복궁 강녕전 내부-DSC_6607.jpg|Inside Gangnyeongjeon Hall
File:3-18.경복궁 향원정-DSC_6643.jpg|Hyangwonjeon Pavilion
File:3-18.경복궁 건청궁 장안당-DSC_6799.jpg|Jangandang Hall in Geoncheonggung Palace
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul) / Courtesy of Yun Sang-gu">
File:3-18.창덕궁 돈화문 뒤-DSC_2096.jpg|View of Donhwamun Gate, the main gate of Changdeokgung, from inside the palace
File:3-18.창덕궁 금천교-DSC_2112.jpg|Geumcheongyo Bridge
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전 내부-DSC_0610.jpg|Inside Injeongjeon Hall, the main throne hall
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전-_FSC6392.jpg|View of Injeongjeon Hall behind buildings
File:3-18.창덕궁 삼삼와-_FSC6378.jpg|Samsamwa
</gallery>

==Maps==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:046(E).jpg|Locations of Seoul's Main Palaces
</gallery>

==Videos==
<youtube description="[Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuXlx33hfAc</youtube>
<youtube description="[The quintessential palace painting, Donggwoldo (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT0R2xR5v-U</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
*[[The Country of the Eastern Noblemen - Joseon]]
*[[A New Imperial Nation is Proclaimed - The Korean Empire]]
*[[Official palace complex]]
*[[Secondary palace complex]]
*[[Travel palace]]
*[[Residential palace]]
*[[Joseon]]
*[[Seoul]]
*[[Gyeongbokgung Palace]]
*[[Changdeokgung Palace]]
*[[Changgyeonggung Palace]]
*[[Korean Empire]]
*[[Deoksugung Palace]]
*[[Unhyeonggung Palace]]
*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
*[[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon]]
*[[Dancheong]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation of Korea]]

=='''References'''==
<references/>
*Jackson, Ben and Robert Koehler.2012. Korean Architecture: Breathing with Nature. Seoul Selection.
*Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces

2018-03-07T00:54:46Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선의 왕조사가 고스란히 담긴 5대 궁궐
}}

In Korean, the term "palace" – ''gung'' – can refer to an [[official palace complex]], [[secondary palace complex]], [[travel palace]], and [[residential palace|residential palaces]] of the extended royal family. Smaller "palaces" for various royal family members were also located within the large official and secondary palace complexes.

The first palace built within [[Joseon]]’s capital, [[Seoul|Hanyang]], was [[Gyeongbokgung Palace|Gyeongbokgung]]. It was called the "official" palace because it contained the "required" six palaces for the king, the queen, the queen dowager, the prince, the princess, and the king’s concubine(s). However, Gyeongbokgung was considered inauspicious and was left in ruins for 250 years after the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598. In the 1860s, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt by Heungseon Daewongun, the father of and regent to King Gojong, as a means to symbolically reclaim royal authority. But King Gojong did not live there long. In 1897, he moved to Gyeongungung Palace, a former residential palace, and made this the imperial palace of the [[Korean Empire]]. This palace was renamed [[Deoksugung Palace|Deoksugung]] and Western-style buildings were constructed alongside Korean ones.

Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal family preferred the "Eastern Palace Complex” – [[Changdeokgung Palace|Changdeokgung]] and [[Changgyeonggung Palace|Changgyeonggung]], together – because it was considered more auspicious, provided enough room for the royal family, and followed a layout that better suited the Korean aesthetic and harmonized with the environment.

An example of a residential palace remaining today is [[Unhyeongung Palace|Unhyeongung]], where [[King Gojong (Joseon)|King Gojong]] was born. Travel palaces, located in the provincial capital fortresses, were all destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. But some, such as the one in [http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~heritage/wiki/index.php/%EC%88%98%EC%9B%90_%ED%99%94%EC%84%B1 Hwaseong Fortress] and [[Namhansanseong Fortress]], have been recently restored.

Large palace complexes contain three sections: outer quarters, inner quarters, and administrative quarters. The outer quarters were where meetings, rituals, and ceremonies were held. Three gates, including the main palace gate, must be passed through to arrive at the main throne hall where important events were held. Behind or next to the main throne hall is a smaller throne hall where the king would have his daily meetings with top officials. The inner quarters were where the royal family lived, with separate spaces for the king, queen, queen dowager, prince, princess, and concubine(s). The administrative quarters were where the royal staff and government officials lived and worked. Some of the palaces also contained shrines, gardens, and farming areas where the royals could learn about agriculture. All buildings had their own courtyard and were decorated with elaborate and colorful ''[[dancheong]]''.

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial period]], vast majority of palace buildings were destroyed. Though Korea experienced a tremendous loss of its royal architecture, the South Korean government is actively engaging in restoration efforts across the country to make it possible to experience the scale of the palaces as they once were. Today, Changdeokgung Palace and Hwaseong Fortress, where the Hwaseong Travel Palace is located, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Photographs<ref>Photos courtesy of Yun Sang-gu</ref>==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)">
File:3-18.경복궁 광화문-DSC_2897.jpg|Gwanghwamun Gate, the main gate
File:3-18.경복궁 근정전 내부-DSC_3030.jpg|Inside Geungjeongjeon Hall, the main throne hall
File:3-18.경복궁 경회루-DSC_3124.jpg|Gyeonghoeru Pavilion
File:3-18.경복궁 강녕전 내부-DSC_6607.jpg|Inside Gangnyeongjeon Hall
File:3-18.경복궁 향원정-DSC_6643.jpg|Hyangwonjeon Pavilion
File:3-18.경복궁 건청궁 장안당-DSC_6799.jpg|Jangandang Hall in Geoncheonggung Palace
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)">
File:3-18.창덕궁 돈화문 뒤-DSC_2096.jpg|View of Donhwamun Gate, the main gate of Changdeokgung, from inside the palace
File:3-18.창덕궁 금천교-DSC_2112.jpg|Geumcheongyo Bridge
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전 내부-DSC_0610.jpg|Inside Injeongjeon Hall, the main throne hall
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전-_FSC6392.jpg|View of Injeongjeon Hall behind buildings
File:3-18.창덕궁 삼삼와-_FSC6378.jpg|Samsamwa
</gallery>

==Maps==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:046(E).jpg|Locations of Seoul's Main Palaces
</gallery>

==Videos==
<youtube description="[Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuXlx33hfAc</youtube>
<youtube description="[The quintessential palace painting, Donggwoldo (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT0R2xR5v-U</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
*[[The Country of the Eastern Noblemen - Joseon]]
*[[A New Imperial Nation is Proclaimed - The Korean Empire]]
*[[Official palace complex]]
*[[Secondary palace complex]]
*[[Travel palace]]
*[[Residential palace]]
*[[Joseon]]
*[[Seoul]]
*[[Gyeongbokgung Palace]]
*[[Changdeokgung Palace]]
*[[Changgyeonggung Palace]]
*[[Korean Empire]]
*[[Deoksugung Palace]]
*[[Unhyeonggung Palace]]
*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
*[[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon]]
*[[Dancheong]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation of Korea]]

=='''References'''==
<references/>
*Jackson, Ben and Robert Koehler.2012. Korean Architecture: Breathing with Nature. Seoul Selection.
*Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces

2018-03-07T00:54:16Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선의 왕조사가 고스란히 담긴 5대 궁궐
}}

In Korean, the term "palace" – ''gung'' – can refer to an [[official palace complex]], [[secondary palace complex]], [[travel palace]], and [[residential palace|residential palaces]] of the extended royal family. Smaller "palaces" for various royal family members were also located within the large official and secondary palace complexes.

The first palace built within [[Joseon]]’s capital, [[Seoul|Hanyang]], was [[Gyeongbokgung Palace|Gyeongbokgung]]. It was called the "official" palace because it contained the "required" six palaces for the king, the queen, the queen dowager, the prince, the princess, and the king’s concubine(s). However, Gyeongbokgung was considered inauspicious and was left in ruins for 250 years after the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598. In the 1860s, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt by Heungseon Daewongun, the father of and regent to King Gojong, as a means to symbolically reclaim royal authority. But King Gojong did not live there long. In 1897, he moved to Gyeongungung Palace, a former residential palace, and made this the imperial palace of the [[Korean Empire]]. This palace was renamed [[Deoksugung Palace|Deoksugung]] and Western-style buildings were constructed alongside Korean ones.

Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal family preferred the "Eastern Palace Complex” – [[Changdeokgung Palace|Changdeokgung]] and [[Changgyeonggung Palace|Changgyeonggung]], together – because it was considered more auspicious, provided enough room for the royal family, and followed a layout that better suited the Korean aesthetic and harmonized with the environment.

An example of a residential palace remaining today is [[Unhyeongung Palace|Unhyeongung]], where [[King Gojong (Joseon)|King Gojong]] was born. Travel palaces, located in the provincial capital fortresses, were all destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. But some, such as the one in [http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~heritage/wiki/index.php/%EC%88%98%EC%9B%90_%ED%99%94%EC%84%B1 Hwaseong Fortress] and [[Namhansanseong Fortress]], have been recently restored.

Large palace complexes contain three sections: outer quarters, inner quarters, and administrative quarters. The outer quarters were where meetings, rituals, and ceremonies were held. Three gates, including the main palace gate, must be passed through to arrive at the main throne hall where important events were held. Behind or next to the main throne hall is a smaller throne hall where the king would have his daily meetings with top officials. The inner quarters were where the royal family lived, with separate spaces for the king, queen, queen dowager, prince, princess, and concubine(s). The administrative quarters were where the royal staff and government officials lived and worked. Some of the palaces also contained shrines, gardens, and farming areas where the royals could learn about agriculture. All buildings had their own courtyard and were decorated with elaborate and colorful ''[[dancheong]]''.

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial period]], vast majority of palace buildings were destroyed. Though Korea experienced a tremendous loss of its royal architecture, the South Korean government is actively engaging in restoration efforts across the country to make it possible to experience the scale of the palaces as they once were. Today, Changdeokgung Palace and Hwaseong Fortress, where the Hwaseong Travel Palace is located, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Photographs==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)<ref>Photos courtesy of Yun Sang-gu</ref>">
File:3-18.경복궁 광화문-DSC_2897.jpg|Gwanghwamun Gate, the main gate
File:3-18.경복궁 근정전 내부-DSC_3030.jpg|Inside Geungjeongjeon Hall, the main throne hall
File:3-18.경복궁 경회루-DSC_3124.jpg|Gyeonghoeru Pavilion
File:3-18.경복궁 강녕전 내부-DSC_6607.jpg|Inside Gangnyeongjeon Hall
File:3-18.경복궁 향원정-DSC_6643.jpg|Hyangwonjeon Pavilion
File:3-18.경복궁 건청궁 장안당-DSC_6799.jpg|Jangandang Hall in Geoncheonggung Palace
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)<ref>Photos courtesy of Yun Sang-gu</ref>">
File:3-18.창덕궁 돈화문 뒤-DSC_2096.jpg|View of Donhwamun Gate, the main gate of Changdeokgung, from inside the palace
File:3-18.창덕궁 금천교-DSC_2112.jpg|Geumcheongyo Bridge
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전 내부-DSC_0610.jpg|Inside Injeongjeon Hall, the main throne hall
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전-_FSC6392.jpg|View of Injeongjeon Hall behind buildings
File:3-18.창덕궁 삼삼와-_FSC6378.jpg|Samsamwa
</gallery>

==Maps==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:046(E).jpg|Locations of Seoul's Main Palaces
</gallery>

==Videos==
<youtube description="[Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuXlx33hfAc</youtube>
<youtube description="[The quintessential palace painting, Donggwoldo (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT0R2xR5v-U</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
*[[The Country of the Eastern Noblemen - Joseon]]
*[[A New Imperial Nation is Proclaimed - The Korean Empire]]
*[[Official palace complex]]
*[[Secondary palace complex]]
*[[Travel palace]]
*[[Residential palace]]
*[[Joseon]]
*[[Seoul]]
*[[Gyeongbokgung Palace]]
*[[Changdeokgung Palace]]
*[[Changgyeonggung Palace]]
*[[Korean Empire]]
*[[Deoksugung Palace]]
*[[Unhyeonggung Palace]]
*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
*[[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon]]
*[[Dancheong]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation of Korea]]

=='''References'''==
<references/>
*Jackson, Ben and Robert Koehler.2012. Korean Architecture: Breathing with Nature. Seoul Selection.
*Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces

2018-03-07T00:52:20Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선의 왕조사가 고스란히 담긴 5대 궁궐
}}

In Korean, the term "palace" – ''gung'' – can refer to an [[official palace complex]], [[secondary palace complex]], [[travel palace]], and [[residential palace|residential palaces]] of the extended royal family. Smaller "palaces" for various royal family members were also located within the large official and secondary palace complexes.

The first palace built within [[Joseon]]’s capital, [[Seoul|Hanyang]], was [[Gyeongbokgung Palace|Gyeongbokgung]]. It was called the "official" palace because it contained the "required" six palaces for the king, the queen, the queen dowager, the prince, the princess, and the king’s concubine(s). However, Gyeongbokgung was considered inauspicious and was left in ruins for 250 years after the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598. In the 1860s, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt by Heungseon Daewongun, the father of and regent to King Gojong, as a means to symbolically reclaim royal authority. But King Gojong did not live there long. In 1897, he moved to Gyeongungung Palace, a former residential palace, and made this the imperial palace of the [[Korean Empire]]. This palace was renamed [[Deoksugung Palace|Deoksugung]] and Western-style buildings were constructed alongside Korean ones.

Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal family preferred the "Eastern Palace Complex” – [[Changdeokgung Palace|Changdeokgung]] and [[Changgyeonggung Palace|Changgyeonggung]], together – because it was considered more auspicious, provided enough room for the royal family, and followed a layout that better suited the Korean aesthetic and harmonized with the environment.

An example of a residential palace remaining today is [[Unhyeongung Palace|Unhyeongung]], where [[King Gojong (Joseon)|King Gojong]] was born. Travel palaces, located in the provincial capital fortresses, were all destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. But some, such as the one in [http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~heritage/wiki/index.php/%EC%88%98%EC%9B%90_%ED%99%94%EC%84%B1 Hwaseong Fortress] and [[Namhansanseong Fortress]], have been recently restored.

Large palace complexes contain three sections: outer quarters, inner quarters, and administrative quarters. The outer quarters were where meetings, rituals, and ceremonies were held. Three gates, including the main palace gate, must be passed through to arrive at the main throne hall where important events were held. Behind or next to the main throne hall is a smaller throne hall where the king would have his daily meetings with top officials. The inner quarters were where the royal family lived, with separate spaces for the king, queen, queen dowager, prince, princess, and concubine(s). The administrative quarters were where the royal staff and government officials lived and worked. Some of the palaces also contained shrines, gardens, and farming areas where the royals could learn about agriculture. All buildings had their own courtyard and were decorated with elaborate and colorful ''[[dancheong]]''.

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial period]], vast majority of palace buildings were destroyed. Though Korea experienced a tremendous loss of its royal architecture, the South Korean government is actively engaging in restoration efforts across the country to make it possible to experience the scale of the palaces as they once were. Today, Changdeokgung Palace and Hwaseong Fortress, where the Hwaseong Travel Palace is located, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Photographs==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)">
File:3-18.경복궁 광화문-DSC_2897.jpg|Gwanghwamun Gate, the main gate
File:3-18.경복궁 근정전 내부-DSC_3030.jpg|Inside Geungjeongjeon Hall, the main throne hall
File:3-18.경복궁 경회루-DSC_3124.jpg|Gyeonghoeru Pavilion
File:3-18.경복궁 강녕전 내부-DSC_6607.jpg|Inside Gangnyeongjeon Hall
File:3-18.경복궁 향원정-DSC_6643.jpg|Hyangwonjeon Pavilion
File:3-18.경복궁 건청궁 장안당-DSC_6799.jpg|Jangandang Hall in Geoncheonggung Palace
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)">
File:3-18.창덕궁 돈화문 뒤-DSC_2096.jpg|View of Donhwamun Gate, the main gate of Changdeokgung, from inside the palace
File:3-18.창덕궁 금천교-DSC_2112.jpg|Geumcheongyo Bridge
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전 내부-DSC_0610.jpg|Inside Injeongjeon Hall, the main throne hall
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전-_FSC6392.jpg|View of Injeongjeon Hall behind buildings
File:3-18.창덕궁 삼삼와-_FSC6378.jpg|Samsamwa
</gallery>

==Maps==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:046(E).jpg|Locations of Seoul's Main Palaces
</gallery>

==Videos==
<youtube description="[Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuXlx33hfAc</youtube>
<youtube description="[The quintessential palace painting, Donggwoldo (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT0R2xR5v-U</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
*[[The Country of the Eastern Noblemen - Joseon]]
*[[A New Imperial Nation is Proclaimed - The Korean Empire]]
*[[Official palace complex]]
*[[Secondary palace complex]]
*[[Travel palace]]
*[[Residential palace]]
*[[Joseon]]
*[[Seoul]]
*[[Gyeongbokgung Palace]]
*[[Changdeokgung Palace]]
*[[Changgyeonggung Palace]]
*[[Korean Empire]]
*[[Deoksugung Palace]]
*[[Unhyeonggung Palace]]
*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
*[[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon]]
*[[Dancheong]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation of Korea]]

=='''References'''==
<references/>
*Jackson, Ben and Robert Koehler.2012. Korean Architecture: Breathing with Nature. Seoul Selection.
*Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces

2018-03-07T00:51:53Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선의 왕조사가 고스란히 담긴 5대 궁궐
}}

In Korean, the term "palace" – ''gung'' – can refer to an [[official palace complex]], [[secondary palace complex]], [[travel palace]], and [[residential palace|residential palaces]] of the extended royal family. Smaller "palaces" for various royal family members were also located within the large official and secondary palace complexes.

The first palace built within [[Joseon]]’s capital, [[Seoul|Hanyang]], was [[Gyeongbokgung Palace|Gyeongbokgung]]. It was called the "official" palace because it contained the "required" six palaces for the king, the queen, the queen dowager, the prince, the princess, and the king’s concubine(s). However, Gyeongbokgung was considered inauspicious and was left in ruins for 250 years after the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598. In the 1860s, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt by Heungseon Daewongun, the father of and regent to King Gojong, as a means to symbolically reclaim royal authority. But King Gojong did not live there long. In 1897, he moved to Gyeongungung Palace, a former residential palace, and made this the imperial palace of the [[Korean Empire]]. This palace was renamed [[Deoksugung Palace|Deoksugung]] and Western-style buildings were constructed alongside Korean ones.

Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal family preferred the "Eastern Palace Complex” – [[Changdeokgung Palace|Changdeokgung]] and [[Changgyeonggung Palace|Changgyeonggung]], together – because it was considered more auspicious, provided enough room for the royal family, and followed a layout that better suited the Korean aesthetic and harmonized with the environment.

An example of a residential palace remaining today is [[Unhyeongung Palace|Unhyeongung]], where [[King Gojong (Joseon)|King Gojong]] was born. Travel palaces, located in the provincial capital fortresses, were all destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. But some, such as the one in [http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~heritage/wiki/index.php/%EC%88%98%EC%9B%90_%ED%99%94%EC%84%B1 Hwaseong Fortress] and [[Namhansanseong Fortress]], have been recently restored.

Large palace complexes contain three sections: outer quarters, inner quarters, and administrative quarters. The outer quarters were where meetings, rituals, and ceremonies were held. Three gates, including the main palace gate, must be passed through to arrive at the main throne hall where important events were held. Behind or next to the main throne hall is a smaller throne hall where the king would have his daily meetings with top officials. The inner quarters were where the royal family lived, with separate spaces for the king, queen, queen dowager, prince, princess, and concubine(s). The administrative quarters were where the royal staff and government officials lived and worked. Some of the palaces also contained shrines, gardens, and farming areas where the royals could learn about agriculture. All buildings had their own courtyard and were decorated with elaborate and colorful ''[[dancheong]]''.

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial period]], vast majority of palace buildings were destroyed. Though Korea experienced a tremendous loss of its royal architecture, the South Korean government is actively engaging in restoration efforts across the country to make it possible to experience the scale of the palaces as they once were. Today, Changdeokgung Palace and Hwaseong Fortress, where the Hwaseong Travel Palace is located, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Photographs==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)">
File:3-18.경복궁 광화문-DSC_2897.jpg|Gwanghwamun Gate, the main gate
File:3-18.경복궁 근정전 내부-DSC_3030.jpg|Inside Geungjeongjeon Hall, the main throne hall
File:3-18.경복궁 경회루-DSC_3124.jpg|Gyeonghoeru Pavilion
File:3-18.경복궁 강녕전 내부-DSC_6607.jpg|Inside Gangnyeongjeon Hall
File:3-18.경복궁 향원정-DSC_6643.jpg|Hyangwonjeon Pavilion
File:3-18.경복궁 건청궁 장안당-DSC_6799.jpg|Jangandang Hall in Geoncheonggung Palace
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)">
File:3-18.창덕궁 돈화문 뒤-DSC_2096.jpg|View of Donhwamun Gate, the main gate of Changdeokgung, from inside the palace
File:3-18.창덕궁 금천교-DSC_2112.jpg|Geumcheongyo Bridge
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전 내부-DSC_0610.jpg|Inside Injeongjeon Hall, the main throne hall
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전-_FSC6392.jpg|View of Injeongjeon Hall behind buildings
File:3-18.창덕궁 삼삼와-_FSC6378.jpg|Samsamwa
</gallery>

==Maps==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:046(E).jpg|Locations of Seoul's Main Palaces
</gallery>

==Videos==
<youtube description="[Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuXlx33hfAc</youtube>
<youtube description="[The quintessential palace painting, Donggwoldo (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT0R2xR5v-U</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
*[[The Country of the Eastern Noblemen - Joseon]]
*[[A New Imperial Nation is Proclaimed - The Korean Empire]]
*[[Official palace complex]]
*[[Secondary palace complex]]
*[[Travel palace]]
*[[Residential palace]]
*[[Joseon]]
*[[Seoul]]
*[[Gyeongbokgung Palace]]
*[[Changdeokgung Palace]]
*[[Changgyeonggung Palace]]
*[[Korean Empire]]
*[[Deoksugung Palace]]
*[[Unhyeonggung Palace]]
*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
*[[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon]]
*[[Dancheong]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation of Korea]]

=='''References'''==
<references/>
*Jackson, Ben and Robert Koehler.2012. Korean Architecture: Breathing with Nature. Seoul Selection.
*Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces

2018-03-07T00:49:38Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선의 왕조사가 고스란히 담긴 5대 궁궐
}}

In Korean, the term "palace" – ''gung'' – can refer to an [[official palace complex]], [[secondary palace complex]], [[travel palace]], and [[residential palace|residential palaces]] of the extended royal family. Smaller "palaces" for various royal family members were also located within the large official and secondary palace complexes.

The first palace built within [[Joseon]]’s capital, [[Seoul|Hanyang]], was [[Gyeongbokgung Palace|Gyeongbokgung]]. It was called the "official" palace because it contained the "required" six palaces for the king, the queen, the queen dowager, the prince, the princess, and the king’s concubine(s). However, Gyeongbokgung was considered inauspicious and was left in ruins for 250 years after the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598. In the 1860s, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt by Heungseon Daewongun, the father of and regent to King Gojong, as a means to symbolically reclaim royal authority. But King Gojong did not live there long. In 1897, he moved to Gyeongungung Palace, a former residential palace, and made this the imperial palace of the [[Korean Empire]]. This palace was renamed [[Deoksugung Palace|Deoksugung]] and Western-style buildings were constructed alongside Korean ones.

Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal family preferred the "Eastern Palace Complex” – [[Changdeokgung Palace|Changdeokgung]] and [[Changgyeonggung Palace|Changgyeonggung]], together – because it was considered more auspicious, provided enough room for the royal family, and followed a layout that better suited the Korean aesthetic and harmonized with the environment.

An example of a residential palace remaining today is [[Unhyeongung Palace|Unhyeongung]], where [[King Gojong (Joseon)|King Gojong]] was born. Travel palaces, located in the provincial capital fortresses, were all destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. But some, such as the one in [http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~heritage/wiki/index.php/%EC%88%98%EC%9B%90_%ED%99%94%EC%84%B1 Hwaseong Fortress] and [[Namhansanseong Fortress]], have been recently restored.

Large palace complexes contain three sections: outer quarters, inner quarters, and administrative quarters. The outer quarters were where meetings, rituals, and ceremonies were held. Three gates, including the main palace gate, must be passed through to arrive at the main throne hall where important events were held. Behind or next to the main throne hall is a smaller throne hall where the king would have his daily meetings with top officials. The inner quarters were where the royal family lived, with separate spaces for the king, queen, queen dowager, prince, princess, and concubine(s). The administrative quarters were where the royal staff and government officials lived and worked. Some of the palaces also contained shrines, gardens, and farming areas where the royals could learn about agriculture. All buildings had their own courtyard and were decorated with elaborate and colorful ''[[dancheong]]''.

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial period]], vast majority of palace buildings were destroyed. Though Korea experienced a tremendous loss of its royal architecture, the South Korean government is actively engaging in restoration efforts across the country to make it possible to experience the scale of the palaces as they once were. Today, Changdeokgung Palace and Hwaseong Fortress, where the Hwaseong Travel Palace is located, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Photographs==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Gyeongbokgung Palace">
File:3-18.경복궁 광화문-DSC_2897.jpg|Gwanghwamun Gate, the main gate (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 근정전 내부-DSC_3030.jpg|Inside Geungjeongjeon Hall, the main throne hall (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 경회루-DSC_3124.jpg|Gyeonghoeru Pavilion (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 강녕전 내부-DSC_6607.jpg|Inside Gangnyeongjeon Hall (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 향원정-DSC_6643.jpg|Hyangwonjeon Pavilion (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 건청궁 장안당-DSC_6799.jpg|Jangandang Hall in Geoncheonggung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Changdeokgung Palace">
File:3-18.창덕궁 돈화문 뒤-DSC_2096.jpg|View of Donhwamun Gate, the main gate of Changdeokgung, from inside the palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 금천교-DSC_2112.jpg|Geumcheongyo Bridge (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전 내부-DSC_0610.jpg|Inside Injeongjeon Hall, the main throne hall (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전-_FSC6392.jpg|View of Injeongjeon Hall behind buildings (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 삼삼와-_FSC6378.jpg|Samsamwa (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

==Maps==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:046(E).jpg|Locations of Seoul's Main Palaces
</gallery>

==Videos==
<youtube description="[Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuXlx33hfAc</youtube>
<youtube description="[The quintessential palace painting, Donggwoldo (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT0R2xR5v-U</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
*[[The Country of the Eastern Noblemen - Joseon]]
*[[A New Imperial Nation is Proclaimed - The Korean Empire]]
*[[Official palace complex]]
*[[Secondary palace complex]]
*[[Travel palace]]
*[[Residential palace]]
*[[Joseon]]
*[[Seoul]]
*[[Gyeongbokgung Palace]]
*[[Changdeokgung Palace]]
*[[Changgyeonggung Palace]]
*[[Korean Empire]]
*[[Deoksugung Palace]]
*[[Unhyeonggung Palace]]
*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
*[[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon]]
*[[Dancheong]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation of Korea]]

=='''References'''==
<references/>
*Jackson, Ben and Robert Koehler.2012. Korean Architecture: Breathing with Nature. Seoul Selection.
*Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces

2018-03-07T00:45:12Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선의 왕조사가 고스란히 담긴 5대 궁궐
}}

In Korean, the term "palace" – ''gung'' – can refer to an [[official palace complex]], [[secondary palace complex]], [[travel palace]], and [[residential palace|residential palaces]] of the extended royal family. Smaller "palaces" for various royal family members were also located within the large official and secondary palace complexes.

The first palace built within [[Joseon]]’s capital, [[Seoul|Hanyang]], was [[Gyeongbokgung Palace|Gyeongbokgung]]. It was called the "official" palace because it contained the "required" six palaces for the king, the queen, the queen dowager, the prince, the princess, and the king’s concubine(s). However, Gyeongbokgung was considered inauspicious and was left in ruins for 250 years after the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598. In the 1860s, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt by Heungseon Daewongun, the father of and regent to King Gojong, as a means to symbolically reclaim royal authority. But King Gojong did not live there long. In 1897, he moved to Gyeongungung Palace, a former residential palace, and made this the imperial palace of the [[Korean Empire]]. This palace was renamed [[Deoksugung Palace|Deoksugung]] and Western-style buildings were constructed alongside Korean ones.

Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal family preferred the "Eastern Palace Complex” – [[Changdeokgung Palace|Changdeokgung]] and [[Changgyeonggung Palace|Changgyeonggung]], together – because it was considered more auspicious, provided enough room for the royal family, and followed a layout that better suited the Korean aesthetic and harmonized with the environment.

An example of a residential palace remaining today is [[Unhyeongung Palace|Unhyeongung]], where [[King Gojong (Joseon)|King Gojong]] was born. Travel palaces, located in the provincial capital fortresses, were all destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. But some, such as the one in [http://dh.aks.ac.kr/~heritage/wiki/index.php/%EC%88%98%EC%9B%90_%ED%99%94%EC%84%B1 Hwaseong Fortress] and [[Namhansanseong Fortress]], have been recently restored.

Large palace complexes contain three sections: outer quarters, inner quarters, and administrative quarters. The outer quarters were where meetings, rituals, and ceremonies were held. Three gates, including the main palace gate, must be passed through to arrive at the main throne hall where important events were held. Behind or next to the main throne hall is a smaller throne hall where the king would have his daily meetings with top officials. The inner quarters were where the royal family lived, with separate spaces for the king, queen, queen dowager, prince, princess, and concubine(s). The administrative quarters were where the royal staff and government officials lived and worked. Some of the palaces also contained shrines, gardens, and farming areas where the royals could learn about agriculture. All buildings had their own courtyard and were decorated with elaborate and colorful ''[[dancheong]]''.

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial period]], vast majority of palace buildings were destroyed. Though Korea experienced a tremendous loss of its royal architecture, the South Korean government is actively engaging in restoration efforts across the country to make it possible to experience the scale of the palaces as they once were. Today, Changdeokgung Palace and Hwaseong Fortress, where the Hwaseong Travel Palace is located, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Photographs==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Gyeongbokgung Palace">
File:3-18.경복궁 강녕전 내부-DSC_6607.jpg|Inside Gangnyeongjeon of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 건청궁 장안당-DSC_6799.jpg|Jangandang Hall in Geoncheonggung Palace inside Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 경회루-DSC_3124.jpg|Gyeonghoeru Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 광화문-DSC_2897.jpg|Gwanghwamun Gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 근정전 내부-DSC_3030.jpg|Inside of Geungjeongjeon Hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 향원정-DSC_6643.jpg|Hyangwonjeon Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Changdeokgung Palace">
File:3-18.창덕궁 금천교-DSC_2112.jpg|Geumcheongyo Bridge of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 돈화문 뒤-DSC_2096.jpg|Inside of Donhwamun Gate of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 삼삼와-_FSC6378.jpg|Samsamwa of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전 내부-DSC_0610.jpg|Inside of Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전-_FSC6392.jpg|Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

==Maps==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:046(E).jpg|Locations of Seoul's Main Palaces
</gallery>

==Videos==
<youtube description="[Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuXlx33hfAc</youtube>
<youtube description="[The quintessential palace painting, Donggwoldo (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT0R2xR5v-U</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
*[[The Country of the Eastern Noblemen - Joseon]]
*[[A New Imperial Nation is Proclaimed - The Korean Empire]]
*[[Official palace complex]]
*[[Secondary palace complex]]
*[[Travel palace]]
*[[Residential palace]]
*[[Joseon]]
*[[Seoul]]
*[[Gyeongbokgung Palace]]
*[[Changdeokgung Palace]]
*[[Changgyeonggung Palace]]
*[[Korean Empire]]
*[[Deoksugung Palace]]
*[[Unhyeonggung Palace]]
*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
*[[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon]]
*[[Dancheong]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation of Korea]]

=='''References'''==
<references/>
*Jackson, Ben and Robert Koehler.2012. Korean Architecture: Breathing with Nature. Seoul Selection.
*Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces

2018-03-07T00:43:13Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선의 왕조사가 고스란히 담긴 5대 궁궐
}}

In Korean, the term "palace" – ''gung'' – can refer to an [[official palace complex]], [[secondary palace complex]], [[travel palace]], and [[residential palace|residential palaces]] of the extended royal family. Smaller "palaces" for various royal family members were also located within the large official and secondary palace complexes.

The first palace built within [[Joseon]]’s capital, [[Seoul|Hanyang]], was [[Gyeongbokgung Palace|Gyeongbokgung]]. It was called the "official" palace because it contained the "required" six palaces for the king, the queen, the queen dowager, the prince, the princess, and the king’s concubine(s). However, Gyeongbokgung was considered inauspicious and was left in ruins for 250 years after the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598. In the 1860s, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt by Heungseon Daewongun, the father of and regent to King Gojong, as a means to symbolically reclaim royal authority. But King Gojong did not live there long. In 1897, he moved to Gyeongungung Palace, a former residential palace, and made this the imperial palace of the [[Korean Empire]]. This palace was renamed [[Deoksugung Palace|Deoksugung]] and Western-style buildings were constructed alongside Korean ones.

Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal family preferred the "Eastern Palace Complex” – [[Changdeokgung Palace|Changdeokgung]] and [[Changgyeonggung Palace|Changgyeonggung]], together – because it was considered more auspicious, provided enough room for the royal family, and followed a layout that better suited the Korean aesthetic and harmonized with the environment.

An example of a residential palace remaining today is [[Unhyeongung Palace|Unhyeongung]], where [[King Gojong (Joseon)|King Gojong]] was born. Travel palaces, located in the provincial capital fortresses, were all destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. But some, such as the one in [[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon|Hwaseong Fortress]] and [[Namhansanseong Fortress]], have been recently restored.

Large palace complexes contain three sections: outer quarters, inner quarters, and administrative quarters. The outer quarters were where meetings, rituals, and ceremonies were held. Three gates, including the main palace gate, must be passed through to arrive at the main throne hall where important events were held. Behind or next to the main throne hall is a smaller throne hall where the king would have his daily meetings with top officials. The inner quarters were where the royal family lived, with separate spaces for the king, queen, queen dowager, prince, princess, and concubine(s). The administrative quarters were where the royal staff and government officials lived and worked. Some of the palaces also contained shrines, gardens, and farming areas where the royals could learn about agriculture. All buildings had their own courtyard and were decorated with elaborate and colorful ''[[dancheong]]''.

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial period]], vast majority of palace buildings were destroyed. Though Korea experienced a tremendous loss of its royal architecture, the South Korean government is actively engaging in restoration efforts across the country to make it possible to experience the scale of the palaces as they once were. Today, Changdeokgung Palace and Hwaseong Fortress, where the Hwaseong Travel Palace is located, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Photographs==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Gyeongbokgung Palace">
File:3-18.경복궁 강녕전 내부-DSC_6607.jpg|Inside Gangnyeongjeon of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 건청궁 장안당-DSC_6799.jpg|Jangandang Hall in Geoncheonggung Palace inside Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 경회루-DSC_3124.jpg|Gyeonghoeru Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 광화문-DSC_2897.jpg|Gwanghwamun Gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 근정전 내부-DSC_3030.jpg|Inside of Geungjeongjeon Hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 향원정-DSC_6643.jpg|Hyangwonjeon Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Changdeokgung Palace">
File:3-18.창덕궁 금천교-DSC_2112.jpg|Geumcheongyo Bridge of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 돈화문 뒤-DSC_2096.jpg|Inside of Donhwamun Gate of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 삼삼와-_FSC6378.jpg|Samsamwa of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전 내부-DSC_0610.jpg|Inside of Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전-_FSC6392.jpg|Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

==Maps==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:046(E).jpg|Locations of Seoul's Main Palaces
</gallery>

==Videos==
<youtube description="[Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuXlx33hfAc</youtube>
<youtube description="[The quintessential palace painting, Donggwoldo (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT0R2xR5v-U</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
*[[The Country of the Eastern Noblemen - Joseon]]
*[[A New Imperial Nation is Proclaimed - The Korean Empire]]
*[[Official palace complex]]
*[[Secondary palace complex]]
*[[Travel palace]]
*[[Residential palace]]
*[[Joseon]]
*[[Seoul]]
*[[Gyeongbokgung Palace]]
*[[Changdeokgung Palace]]
*[[Changgyeonggung Palace]]
*[[Korean Empire]]
*[[Deoksugung Palace]]
*[[Unhyeonggung Palace]]
*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
*[[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon]]
*[[Dancheong]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation of Korea]]

=='''References'''==
<references/>
*Jackson, Ben and Robert Koehler.2012. Korean Architecture: Breathing with Nature. Seoul Selection.
*Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces

2018-03-07T00:42:47Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선의 왕조사가 고스란히 담긴 5대 궁궐
}}

In Korean, the term "palace" – ''gung'' – can refer to an [[official palace complex]], [[secondary palace complex]], [[travel palace]], and [[residential palace|residential palaces]] of the extended royal family. Smaller "palaces" for various royal family members were also located within the large official and secondary palace complexes.

The first palace built within [[Joseon]]’s capital, [[Seoul|Hanyang]], was [[Gyeongbokgung Palace|Gyeongbokgung]]. It was called the "official" palace because it contained the "required" six palaces for the king, the queen, the queen dowager, the prince, the princess, and the king’s concubine(s). However, Gyeongbokgung was considered inauspicious and was left in ruins for 250 years after the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598. In the 1860s, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt by Heungseon Daewongun, the father of and regent to King Gojong, as a means to symbolically reclaim royal authority. But King Gojong did not live there long. In 1897, he moved to Gyeongungung Palace, a former residential palace, and made this the imperial palace of the [[Korean Empire]]. This palace was renamed [[Deoksugung Palace|Deoksugung]] and Western-style buildings were constructed alongside Korean ones.

Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal family preferred the "Eastern Palace Complex” – [[Changdeokgung Palace|Changdeokgung]] and [[Changgyeonggung Palace|Changgyeonggung]], together – because it was considered more auspicious, provided enough room for the royal family, and followed a layout that better suited the Korean aesthetic and harmonized with the environment.

An example of a residential palace remaining today is [[Unhyeongung Palace|Unhyeongung]], where [[King Gojong (Joseon)|King Gojong]] was born. Travel palaces, located in the provincial capital fortresses, were all destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. But some, such as the one in [[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon|Hwaseong Fortress]] and [[Namhansanseong Fortress]], have been recently restored.

Large palace complexes contain three sections: outer quarters, inner quarters, and administrative quarters. The outer quarters were where meetings, rituals, and ceremonies were held. Three gates, including the main palace gate, must be passed through to arrive at the main throne hall where important events were held. Behind or next to the main throne hall is a smaller throne hall where the king would have his daily meetings with top officials. The inner quarters were where the royal family lived, with separate spaces for the king, queen, queen dowager, prince, princess, and concubine(s). The administrative quarters were where the royal staff and government officials lived and worked. Some of the palaces also contained shrines, gardens, and farming areas where the royals could learn about agriculture. All buildings had their own courtyard and were decorated with elaborate and colorful ''[[dancheong]]''.

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial period]], vast majority of palace buildings were destroyed. Though Korea experienced a tremendous loss of its royal architecture, the South Korean government is actively engaging in restoration efforts across the country to make it possible to experience the scale of the palaces as they once were. Today, Changdeokgung Palace and Hwaseong Fortress, where the Hwaseong Travel Palace is located, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Photographs==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption=Gyeongbokgung Palace>
File:3-18.경복궁 강녕전 내부-DSC_6607.jpg|Inside Gangnyeongjeon of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 건청궁 장안당-DSC_6799.jpg|Jangandang Hall in Geoncheonggung Palace inside Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 경회루-DSC_3124.jpg|Gyeonghoeru Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 광화문-DSC_2897.jpg|Gwanghwamun Gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 근정전 내부-DSC_3030.jpg|Inside of Geungjeongjeon Hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 향원정-DSC_6643.jpg|Hyangwonjeon Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption=Changdeokgung Palace>
File:3-18.창덕궁 금천교-DSC_2112.jpg|Geumcheongyo Bridge of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 돈화문 뒤-DSC_2096.jpg|Inside of Donhwamun Gate of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 삼삼와-_FSC6378.jpg|Samsamwa of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전 내부-DSC_0610.jpg|Inside of Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전-_FSC6392.jpg|Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

==Maps==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:046(E).jpg|Locations of Seoul's Main Palaces
</gallery>

==Videos==
<youtube description="[Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuXlx33hfAc</youtube>
<youtube description="[The quintessential palace painting, Donggwoldo (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT0R2xR5v-U</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
*[[The Country of the Eastern Noblemen - Joseon]]
*[[A New Imperial Nation is Proclaimed - The Korean Empire]]
*[[Official palace complex]]
*[[Secondary palace complex]]
*[[Travel palace]]
*[[Residential palace]]
*[[Joseon]]
*[[Seoul]]
*[[Gyeongbokgung Palace]]
*[[Changdeokgung Palace]]
*[[Changgyeonggung Palace]]
*[[Korean Empire]]
*[[Deoksugung Palace]]
*[[Unhyeonggung Palace]]
*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
*[[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon]]
*[[Dancheong]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation of Korea]]

=='''References'''==
<references/>
*Jackson, Ben and Robert Koehler.2012. Korean Architecture: Breathing with Nature. Seoul Selection.
*Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces

2018-03-07T00:42:13Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선의 왕조사가 고스란히 담긴 5대 궁궐
}}

In Korean, the term "palace" – ''gung'' – can refer to an [[official palace complex]], [[secondary palace complex]], [[travel palace]], and [[residential palace|residential palaces]] of the extended royal family. Smaller "palaces" for various royal family members were also located within the large official and secondary palace complexes.

The first palace built within [[Joseon]]’s capital, [[Seoul|Hanyang]], was [[Gyeongbokgung Palace|Gyeongbokgung]]. It was called the "official" palace because it contained the "required" six palaces for the king, the queen, the queen dowager, the prince, the princess, and the king’s concubine(s). However, Gyeongbokgung was considered inauspicious and was left in ruins for 250 years after the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598. In the 1860s, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt by Heungseon Daewongun, the father of and regent to King Gojong, as a means to symbolically reclaim royal authority. But King Gojong did not live there long. In 1897, he moved to Gyeongungung Palace, a former residential palace, and made this the imperial palace of the [[Korean Empire]]. This palace was renamed [[Deoksugung Palace|Deoksugung]] and Western-style buildings were constructed alongside Korean ones.

Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal family preferred the "Eastern Palace Complex” – [[Changdeokgung Palace|Changdeokgung]] and [[Changgyeonggung Palace|Changgyeonggung]], together – because it was considered more auspicious, provided enough room for the royal family, and followed a layout that better suited the Korean aesthetic and harmonized with the environment.

An example of a residential palace remaining today is [[Unhyeongung Palace|Unhyeongung]], where [[King Gojong (Joseon)|King Gojong]] was born. Travel palaces, located in the provincial capital fortresses, were all destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. But some, such as the one in [[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon|Hwaseong Fortress]] and [[Namhansanseong Fortress]], have been recently restored.

Large palace complexes contain three sections: outer quarters, inner quarters, and administrative quarters. The outer quarters were where meetings, rituals, and ceremonies were held. Three gates, including the main palace gate, must be passed through to arrive at the main throne hall where important events were held. Behind or next to the main throne hall is a smaller throne hall where the king would have his daily meetings with top officials. The inner quarters were where the royal family lived, with separate spaces for the king, queen, queen dowager, prince, princess, and concubine(s). The administrative quarters were where the royal staff and government officials lived and worked. Some of the palaces also contained shrines, gardens, and farming areas where the royals could learn about agriculture. All buildings had their own courtyard and were decorated with elaborate and colorful ''[[dancheong]]''.

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial period]], vast majority of palace buildings were destroyed. Though Korea experienced a tremendous loss of its royal architecture, the South Korean government is actively engaging in restoration efforts across the country to make it possible to experience the scale of the palaces as they once were. Today, Changdeokgung Palace and Hwaseong Fortress, where the Hwaseong Travel Palace is located, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Photographs==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px><gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption=Gyeongbokgung Palace>
File:3-18.경복궁 강녕전 내부-DSC_6607.jpg|Inside Gangnyeongjeon of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 건청궁 장안당-DSC_6799.jpg|Jangandang Hall in Geoncheonggung Palace inside Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 경회루-DSC_3124.jpg|Gyeonghoeru Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 광화문-DSC_2897.jpg|Gwanghwamun Gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 근정전 내부-DSC_3030.jpg|Inside of Geungjeongjeon Hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 향원정-DSC_6643.jpg|Hyangwonjeon Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px><gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption=Changdeokgung Palace>
File:3-18.창덕궁 금천교-DSC_2112.jpg|Geumcheongyo Bridge of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 돈화문 뒤-DSC_2096.jpg|Inside of Donhwamun Gate of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 삼삼와-_FSC6378.jpg|Samsamwa of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전 내부-DSC_0610.jpg|Inside of Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전-_FSC6392.jpg|Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

==Maps==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:046(E).jpg|Locations of Seoul's Main Palaces
</gallery>

==Videos==
<youtube description="[Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuXlx33hfAc</youtube>
<youtube description="[The quintessential palace painting, Donggwoldo (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT0R2xR5v-U</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
*[[The Country of the Eastern Noblemen - Joseon]]
*[[A New Imperial Nation is Proclaimed - The Korean Empire]]
*[[Official palace complex]]
*[[Secondary palace complex]]
*[[Travel palace]]
*[[Residential palace]]
*[[Joseon]]
*[[Seoul]]
*[[Gyeongbokgung Palace]]
*[[Changdeokgung Palace]]
*[[Changgyeonggung Palace]]
*[[Korean Empire]]
*[[Deoksugung Palace]]
*[[Unhyeonggung Palace]]
*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
*[[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon]]
*[[Dancheong]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation of Korea]]

=='''References'''==
<references/>
*Jackson, Ben and Robert Koehler.2012. Korean Architecture: Breathing with Nature. Seoul Selection.
*Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces

2018-03-07T00:32:55Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선의 왕조사가 고스란히 담긴 5대 궁궐
}}

In Korean, the term "palace" – ''gung'' – can refer to an [[official palace complex]], [[secondary palace complex]], [[travel palace]], and [[residential palace|residential palaces]] of the extended royal family. Smaller "palaces" for various royal family members were also located within the large official and secondary palace complexes.

The first palace built within [[Joseon]]’s capital, [[Seoul|Hanyang]], was [[Gyeongbokgung Palace|Gyeongbokgung]]. It was called the "official" palace because it contained the "required" six palaces for the king, the queen, the queen dowager, the prince, the princess, and the king’s concubine(s). However, Gyeongbokgung was considered inauspicious and was left in ruins for 250 years after the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598. In the 1860s, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt by Heungseon Daewongun, the father of and regent to King Gojong, as a means to symbolically reclaim royal authority. But King Gojong did not live there long. In 1897, he moved to Gyeongungung Palace, a former residential palace, and made this the imperial palace of the [[Korean Empire]]. This palace was renamed [[Deoksugung Palace|Deoksugung]] and Western-style buildings were constructed alongside Korean ones.

Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal family preferred the "Eastern Palace Complex” – [[Changdeokgung Palace|Changdeokgung]] and [[Changgyeonggung Palace|Changgyeonggung]], together – because it was considered more auspicious, provided enough room for the royal family, and followed a layout that better suited the Korean aesthetic and harmonized with the environment.

An example of a residential palace remaining today is [[Unhyeongung Palace|Unhyeongung]], where [[King Gojong (Joseon)|King Gojong]] was born. Travel palaces, located in the provincial capital fortresses, were all destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. But some, such as the one in [[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon|Hwaseong Fortress]] and [[Namhansanseong Fortress]], have been recently restored.

Large palace complexes contain three sections: outer quarters, inner quarters, and administrative quarters. The outer quarters were where meetings, rituals, and ceremonies were held. Three gates, including the main palace gate, must be passed through to arrive at the main throne hall where important events were held. Behind or next to the main throne hall is a smaller throne hall where the king would have his daily meetings with top officials. The inner quarters were where the royal family lived, with separate spaces for the king, queen, queen dowager, prince, princess, and concubine(s). The administrative quarters were where the royal staff and government officials lived and worked. Some of the palaces also contained shrines, gardens, and farming areas where the royals could learn about agriculture. All buildings had their own courtyard and were decorated with elaborate and colorful ''[[dancheong]]''.

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial period]], vast majority of palace buildings were destroyed. Though Korea experienced a tremendous loss of its royal architecture, the South Korean government is actively engaging in restoration efforts across the country to make it possible to experience the scale of the palaces as they once were. Today, Changdeokgung Palace and Hwaseong Fortress, where the Hwaseong Travel Palace is located, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Photographs==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px><gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Gyeongbokgung Palace">
File:3-18.경복궁 강녕전 내부-DSC_6607.jpg|Inside Gangnyeongjeon of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 건청궁 장안당-DSC_6799.jpg|Jangandang Hall in Geoncheonggung Palace inside Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 경회루-DSC_3124.jpg|Gyeonghoeru Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 광화문-DSC_2897.jpg|Gwanghwamun Gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 근정전 내부-DSC_3030.jpg|Inside of Geungjeongjeon Hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 향원정-DSC_6643.jpg|Hyangwonjeon Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px><gallery mode=packed heights=220px caption="Changdeokgung Palace">
File:3-18.창덕궁 금천교-DSC_2112.jpg|Geumcheongyo Bridge of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 돈화문 뒤-DSC_2096.jpg|Inside of Donhwamun Gate of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 삼삼와-_FSC6378.jpg|Samsamwa of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전 내부-DSC_0610.jpg|Inside of Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전-_FSC6392.jpg|Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

==Maps==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:046(E).jpg|Locations of Seoul's Main Palaces
</gallery>

==Videos==
<youtube description="[Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuXlx33hfAc</youtube>
<youtube description="[The quintessential palace painting, Donggwoldo (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT0R2xR5v-U</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
*[[The Country of the Eastern Noblemen - Joseon]]
*[[A New Imperial Nation is Proclaimed - The Korean Empire]]
*[[Official palace complex]]
*[[Secondary palace complex]]
*[[Travel palace]]
*[[Residential palace]]
*[[Joseon]]
*[[Seoul]]
*[[Gyeongbokgung Palace]]
*[[Changdeokgung Palace]]
*[[Changgyeonggung Palace]]
*[[Korean Empire]]
*[[Deoksugung Palace]]
*[[Unhyeonggung Palace]]
*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
*[[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon]]
*[[Dancheong]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation of Korea]]

=='''References'''==
<references/>
*Jackson, Ben and Robert Koehler.2012. Korean Architecture: Breathing with Nature. Seoul Selection.
*Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces

2018-03-07T00:30:34Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선의 왕조사가 고스란히 담긴 5대 궁궐
}}

In Korean, the term "palace" – ''gung'' – can refer to an [[official palace complex]], [[secondary palace complex]], [[travel palace]], and [[residential palace|residential palaces]] of the extended royal family. Smaller "palaces" for various royal family members were also located within the large official and secondary palace complexes.

The first palace built within [[Joseon]]’s capital, [[Seoul|Hanyang]], was [[Gyeongbokgung Palace|Gyeongbokgung]]. It was called the "official" palace because it contained the "required" six palaces for the king, the queen, the queen dowager, the prince, the princess, and the king’s concubine(s). However, Gyeongbokgung was considered inauspicious and was left in ruins for 250 years after the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598. In the 1860s, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt by Heungseon Daewongun, the father of and regent to King Gojong, as a means to symbolically reclaim royal authority. But King Gojong did not live there long. In 1897, he moved to Gyeongungung Palace, a former residential palace, and made this the imperial palace of the [[Korean Empire]]. This palace was renamed [[Deoksugung Palace|Deoksugung]] and Western-style buildings were constructed alongside Korean ones.

Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal family preferred the "Eastern Palace Complex” – [[Changdeokgung Palace|Changdeokgung]] and [[Changgyeonggung Palace|Changgyeonggung]], together – because it was considered more auspicious, provided enough room for the royal family, and followed a layout that better suited the Korean aesthetic and harmonized with the environment.

An example of a residential palace remaining today is [[Unhyeongung Palace|Unhyeongung]], where [[King Gojong (Joseon)|King Gojong]] was born. Travel palaces, located in the provincial capital fortresses, were all destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. But some, such as the one in [[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon|Hwaseong Fortress]] and [[Namhansanseong Fortress]], have been recently restored.

Large palace complexes contain three sections: outer quarters, inner quarters, and administrative quarters. The outer quarters were where meetings, rituals, and ceremonies were held. Three gates, including the main palace gate, must be passed through to arrive at the main throne hall where important events were held. Behind or next to the main throne hall is a smaller throne hall where the king would have his daily meetings with top officials. The inner quarters were where the royal family lived, with separate spaces for the king, queen, queen dowager, prince, princess, and concubine(s). The administrative quarters were where the royal staff and government officials lived and worked. Some of the palaces also contained shrines, gardens, and farming areas where the royals could learn about agriculture. All buildings had their own courtyard and were decorated with elaborate and colorful ''[[dancheong]]''.

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial period]], vast majority of palace buildings were destroyed. Though Korea experienced a tremendous loss of its royal architecture, the South Korean government is actively engaging in restoration efforts across the country to make it possible to experience the scale of the palaces as they once were. Today, Changdeokgung Palace and Hwaseong Fortress, where the Hwaseong Travel Palace is located, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Photographs==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px><gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-18.경복궁 강녕전 내부-DSC_6607.jpg|Inside Gangnyeongjeon of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 건청궁 장안당-DSC_6799.jpg|Jangandang Hall in Geoncheonggung Palace inside Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 경회루-DSC_3124.jpg|Gyeonghoeru Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 광화문-DSC_2897.jpg|Gwanghwamun Gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 근정전 내부-DSC_3030.jpg|Inside of Geungjeongjeon Hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 향원정-DSC_6643.jpg|Hyangwonjeon Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 금천교-DSC_2112.jpg|Geumcheongyo Bridge of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 돈화문 뒤-DSC_2096.jpg|Inside of Donhwamun Gate of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 삼삼와-_FSC6378.jpg|Samsamwa of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전 내부-DSC_0610.jpg|Inside of Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전-_FSC6392.jpg|Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

==Maps==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:046(E).jpg|Locations of Seoul's Main Palaces
</gallery>

==Videos==
<youtube description="[Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuXlx33hfAc</youtube>
<youtube description="[The quintessential palace painting, Donggwoldo (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT0R2xR5v-U</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
*[[The Country of the Eastern Noblemen - Joseon]]
*[[A New Imperial Nation is Proclaimed - The Korean Empire]]
*[[Official palace complex]]
*[[Secondary palace complex]]
*[[Travel palace]]
*[[Residential palace]]
*[[Joseon]]
*[[Seoul]]
*[[Gyeongbokgung Palace]]
*[[Changdeokgung Palace]]
*[[Changgyeonggung Palace]]
*[[Korean Empire]]
*[[Deoksugung Palace]]
*[[Unhyeonggung Palace]]
*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
*[[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon]]
*[[Dancheong]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation of Korea]]

=='''References'''==
<references/>
*Jackson, Ben and Robert Koehler.2012. Korean Architecture: Breathing with Nature. Seoul Selection.
*Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces

2018-03-07T00:29:53Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선의 왕조사가 고스란히 담긴 5대 궁궐
}}

In Korean, the term "palace" – ''gung'' – can refer to an [[official palace complex]], [[secondary palace complex]], [[travel palace]], and [[residential palace|residential palaces]] of the extended royal family. Smaller "palaces" for various royal family members were also located within the large official and secondary palace complexes.

The first palace built within [[Joseon]]’s capital, [[Seoul|Hanyang]], was [[Gyeongbokgung Palace|Gyeongbokgung]]. It was called the "official" palace because it contained the "required" six palaces for the king, the queen, the queen dowager, the prince, the princess, and the king’s concubine(s). However, Gyeongbokgung was considered inauspicious and was left in ruins for 250 years after the Japanese invasions of 1592-1598. In the 1860s, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt by Heungseon Daewongun, the father of and regent to King Gojong, as a means to symbolically reclaim royal authority. But King Gojong did not live there long. In 1897, he moved to Gyeongungung Palace, a former residential palace, and made this the imperial palace of the [[Korean Empire]]. This palace was renamed [[Deoksugung Palace|Deoksugung]] and Western-style buildings were constructed alongside Korean ones.

Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, the royal family preferred the "Eastern Palace Complex” – [[Changdeokgung Palace|Changdeokgung]] and [[Changgyeonggung Palace|Changgyeonggung]], together – because it was considered more auspicious, provided enough room for the royal family, and followed a layout that better suited the Korean aesthetic and harmonized with the environment.

An example of a residential palace remaining today is [[Unhyeongung Palace|Unhyeongung]], where [[King Gojong (Joseon)|King Gojong]] was born. Travel palaces, located in the provincial capital fortresses, were all destroyed during the Japanese colonial period. But some, such as the one in [[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon|Hwaseong Fortress]] and [[Namhansanseong Fortress]], have been recently restored.

Large palace complexes contain three sections: outer quarters, inner quarters, and administrative quarters. The outer quarters were where meetings, rituals, and ceremonies were held. Three gates, including the main palace gate, must be passed through to arrive at the main throne hall where important events were held. Behind or next to the main throne hall is a smaller throne hall where the king would have his daily meetings with top officials. The inner quarters were where the royal family lived, with separate spaces for the king, queen, queen dowager, prince, princess, and concubine(s). The administrative quarters were where the royal staff and government officials lived and worked. Some of the palaces also contained shrines, gardens, and farming areas where the royals could learn about agriculture. All buildings had their own courtyard and were decorated with elaborate and colorful ''[[dancheong]]''.

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial period]], vast majority of palace buildings were destroyed. Though Korea experienced a tremendous loss of its royal architecture, the South Korean government is actively engaging in restoration efforts across the country to make it possible to experience the scale of the palaces as they once were. Today, Changdeokgung Palace and Hwaseong Fortress, where the Hwaseong Travel Palace is located, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Visual Materials==
<gallery mode=packed heights=220px><gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-18.경복궁 강녕전 내부-DSC_6607.jpg|Inside Gangnyeongjeon of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 건청궁 장안당-DSC_6799.jpg|Jangandang Hall in Geoncheonggung Palace inside Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 경회루-DSC_3124.jpg|Gyeonghoeru Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 광화문-DSC_2897.jpg|Gwanghwamun Gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 근정전 내부-DSC_3030.jpg|Inside of Geungjeongjeon Hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.경복궁 향원정-DSC_6643.jpg|Hyangwonjeon Pavilion of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Sajik-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 금천교-DSC_2112.jpg|Geumcheongyo Bridge of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 돈화문 뒤-DSC_2096.jpg|Inside of Donhwamun Gate of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 삼삼와-_FSC6378.jpg|Samsamwa of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전 내부-DSC_0610.jpg|Inside of Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-18.창덕궁 인정전-_FSC6392.jpg|Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace (Yulgok-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:046(E).jpg|Locations of Seoul's Main Palaces
</gallery>

<youtube description="[Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuXlx33hfAc</youtube>
<youtube description="[The quintessential palace painting, Donggwoldo (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT0R2xR5v-U</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==
*[[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
*[[The Country of the Eastern Noblemen - Joseon]]
*[[A New Imperial Nation is Proclaimed - The Korean Empire]]
*[[Official palace complex]]
*[[Secondary palace complex]]
*[[Travel palace]]
*[[Residential palace]]
*[[Joseon]]
*[[Seoul]]
*[[Gyeongbokgung Palace]]
*[[Changdeokgung Palace]]
*[[Changgyeonggung Palace]]
*[[Korean Empire]]
*[[Deoksugung Palace]]
*[[Unhyeonggung Palace]]
*[[King Gojong (Joseon)]]
*[[Hwaseong Fortress, Suwon]]
*[[Dancheong]]
*[[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese occupation of Korea]]

=='''References'''==
<references/>
*Jackson, Ben and Robert Koehler.2012. Korean Architecture: Breathing with Nature. Seoul Selection.
*Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

대문

2018-03-07T00:27:54Z

Lyndsey:

Welcome to Korea 100!

2018-03-07T00:26:38Z

Lyndsey: /* Introductin */

{{Kor Article|
|Article=한국어 대문
}}

<center>
History and Culture of Korea in 100 Topics
</center>

==Introduction==

Korea 100 presents one-hundred articles on history, controversies, culture, events, and historical figures pertaining to Korea. It aims to serve as a free, reputable, multimedia resource for educators, diplomats, students, and anyone in the general public who is interested in learning more about Korea. The website also includes a glossary of key terms, further resources, and a variety of photos, videos, and illustrations.

This online resource is a product of the Academy of Korean Studies - the leading research institution for Korean studies. It was launched in 2017 as the final product research project which aimed to understand on a deeper level how we might create better introductory content on Korea for non-Korean speakers and Koreans abroad. This research project came about in response to the lack of reputable, introductory content on Korea available online - especially in English. 100 topics were selected to serve as a "test run" to gain insight on existing resources, to fine-tune content development, fact-checking, and editing processes for Korea-related content, and to serve as a backdrop for multimedia content compiliation and creation. It was implemented on a MediaWiki platform to enable collaborative creation and easy navigation.

English-language articles on Korea 100 are abbreviated and tailored versions of the Korean-language articles designed to better serve the needs of those less familiar with Korean history, language, and culture. For those who can read Korean, a link to the Korean version of each article is available in the top right corner of each page.

==Categories==
# [[An Overview of Korean History]]
# [[Debates on Korea]]
# [[Understanding Korea through Culture]]
# [[Key Events of Korea]]
# [[Key Figures of Korea]]
# [[Korea as Seen through Multimedia]]

Honoring Ancestors through Ritual and Music - Ancestral Rituals of the Royal Shrine

2018-01-31T02:51:09Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=종묘 제례악과 함께 예술이 된 종묘제례
}}

The Jongmyo Ancestral Rituals are memorial ceremonies held in Jongmyo Shrine where it is believed the spirits of the past kings of the Joseon Dynasty reside. Jongmyo Shrine, located in central Seoul, was first built in 1396 by King Taejo, founder of the Joseon Dynasty (1932-1910), to house the spirit tablets of four of his ancestors.

The complex features three main buildings, among many other auxillary structures. The largest, main hall, called Jeongjeon, is 101 meters long and its nineteen chambers contain the spirit tablets of nineteen kings and thirty queens.

Jeongjeon is the resting place of King Taejo and other kings who have made particularly memorable contributions to the nation. When a king died, his spirit tablet would be kept at Jeongjeon for five generations. After this, if a king was deemed to have had an exceptional legacy, his spirit tablet would remain in Jeongjeon. The spirit tablets of those kings with less exceptional legacies would be moved to Yeongnyeongjeon Hall, the second largest hall in the shrine complex.

Yeongnyeongjeon houses the spirit tablets of sixteen kings and seventeen queens. The Jeongjeon and Yeongnyeongjeon you can visit today were expanded in 1836. Gongsindang Hall, the third largest hall in the complex, enshrines the spirit tablets of 83 high-ranking and meritorious Joseon Dynasty officials.

The Jongmyo Ancestral Rituals encompass regular rituals as well as those for special occasions such as petitioning the royal ancestors for better fortunes after calamities or auspicious events. During the Japanese occupation (1910-1945), only incense offerings were held. After liberation in 1945, the country was in such turmoil that not even incense was lit at Jongmyo Shrine for a time. But from 1969, the Jeonju Yi Clan - the descendants of the royal family - began to hold ceremonies again under the auspices of its Association of Jeonju Yi Families. From 1975 onwards, the full ceremony has been held each year on the first Sunday of May, and beginning in 2012, rituals also have been held the first Saturday of November.

Jongmyo Shrine's Royal Ancestral Ritual Music, called Jongmyo Jeryeak, involves music and dance that praise the ancestors and invoke well-being in the royal household. The rites were formalized during the reign of King Sejong, fourth king of the Joseon Dynasty, and modified during the time of seventh King Sejo in late 15th century.

The shrine complex was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage in 1995, and its rites and the music were inscribed on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2001.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-22.종묘- DSC_7454.jpg|Jongmyo Shrine (Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-27.종묘- DSC_7412.jpg|Jongmyo Shrine (Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-22.종묘대제-ESC_5612.jpg|Jongmyo Ancestral Rites
File:3-22.종묘대제-ESC_5627.jpg|Jongmyo Ancestral Rites
File:3-22.종묘대제-ESC_5691.jpg|Jongmyo Ancestral Rites
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[Jongmyojeongjeon (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyY-Y_bewLQ</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Honoring Ancestors through Ritual and Music - Ancestral Rituals of the Royal Shrine

2018-01-31T02:47:12Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=종묘 제례악과 함께 예술이 된 종묘제례
}}

The Jongmyo Ancestral Rituals are memorial ceremonies held in Jongmyo Shrine where it is believed the spirits of the past kings of the Joseon Dynasty reside. Jongmyo Shrine, located in central Seoul, was first built in 1396 by King Taejo, founder of the Joseon Dynasty (1932-1910), to house the spirit tablets of four of his ancestors.

The complex features three main buildings, among many other auxillary structures. The largest, main hall, called Jeongjeon, is 101 meters long and its nineteen chambers contain the spirit tablets of nineteen kings and thirty queens.

Jeongjeon is the resting place of King Taejo and other kings who have made particularly memorable contributions to the nation. When a king died, his spirit tablet would be kept at the Jeongjeon for five generations. After this, if a king was deemed to have had an exceptional legacy, his spirit tablet would remain in Jeongjeon. The spirit tablets of those kings with less exceptional legacies would be moved to Yeongnyeongjeon Hall, the second largest hall in the shrine complex.

Yeongnyeongjeon houses the spirit tablets of sixteen kings and seventeen queens. The Jeongjeon and Yeongnyeongjeon you can visit today were expanded in 1836. Gongsindang Hall, the third largest hall in the complex, enshrines the spirit tablets of 83 high-ranking and meritorious Joseon Dynasty officials.

The Jongmyo Ancestral Rituals encompass regular rituals as well as those for special occasions such as petitioning the royal ancestors for better fortunes after calamities or auspicious events. During the Japanese occupation (1910-1945), only incense offerings were held. After liberation in 1945, the country was in such turmoil that not even incense was lit at the Jongmyo Shrine for a time. But from 1969, the Jeonju Yi Clan began to hold ceremonies again under the auspices of its Association of Jeonju Yi Families. From 1975 onwards, the full ceremony has been held each year on the first Sunday of May, and beginning in 2012, rituals also have been held the first Saturday of November.

The Jongmyo Shrine's Royal Ancestral Ritual Music, called Jongmyo Jeryeak, involves music and dance that praise the ancestors and invoke well-being in the royal household. The rites were formalized during the reign of King Sejong, fourth king of the Joseon Dynasty, and modified during the time of seventh King Sejo in late 15th century.

The shrine complex was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage in 1995, and its rites and the music were inscribed on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2001.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-22.종묘- DSC_7454.jpg|Jongmyo Shrine (Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-27.종묘- DSC_7412.jpg|Jongmyo Shrine (Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-22.종묘대제-ESC_5612.jpg|Jongmyo Ancestral Rites
File:3-22.종묘대제-ESC_5627.jpg|Jongmyo Ancestral Rites
File:3-22.종묘대제-ESC_5691.jpg|Jongmyo Ancestral Rites
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[Jongmyojeongjeon (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyY-Y_bewLQ</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Honoring Ancestors through Ritual and Music - Ancestral Rituals of the Royal Shrine

2018-01-31T02:46:35Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=종묘 제례악과 함께 예술이 된 종묘제례
}}

The Jongmyo Ancestral Rituals are memorial ceremonies held in Jongmyo Shrine where it is believed the spirits of the past kings of the Joseon Dynasty reside. Jongmyo Shrine, located in central Seoul, was first built in 1396 by King Taejo, founder of the Joseon Dynasty (1932-1910), to house the spirit tablets of four of his ancestors.

The complex features three main buildings, among many other auxillary structures. The largest, main hall, called Jeongjeon, is 101 meters long and its nineteen chambers contain the spirit tablets of nineteen kings and thirty queens.

Jeongjeon is the resting place of King Taejo and other kings who have made particularly memorable contributions to the nation. When a king died, his spirit tablet would be kept at the Jeongjeon for five generations. After this, if a king was deemed to have had an exceptional legacy, his spirit tablet would remain in Jeongjeon. The spirit tablets of those kings with less exceptional legacies would be moved to Yeongnyeongjeon Hall, the second largest hall in the shrine complex.

Yeongnyeongjeon houses the spirit tablets of sixteen kings and seventeen queens. The Jeongjeon and Yeongnyeongjeon you can visit today were expanded in 1836. Gongsindang Hall, the third largest hall in the complex, enshrines the spirit tablets of 83 high-ranking and meritorious Joseon Dynasty officials.

The Jongmyo Ancestral Rituals encompass regular rituals as well as those for special occasions such as petitioning the royal ancestors for better fortunes after calamities or auspicious events. During the Japanese occupation (1910-1945), only incense offerings were held. After liberation in 1945, the country was in such turmoil that not even incense was lit at the Jongmyo Shrine for a time. But from 1969, the Jeonju Yi Clan began to hold ceremonies again under the auspices of its Association of Jeonju Yi Families. From 1975 onwards, the full ceremony has been held each year on the first Sunday of May, and beginning in 2012, rituals also have been held the first Saturday of November.

The Jongmyo Shrine's Royal Ancestral Ritual Music, called Jongmyo Jeryeak, involves music and dance that praise the ancestors and invoke well-being in the royal household. The rites were formalized during the reign of King Sejong, fourth king of the Joseon Dynasty, and modified during the time of seventh King Sejo in late 15th century.

The shrine complex was listed as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage in 1995, and its rites and the music wereinscribed on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2001.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-22.종묘- DSC_7454.jpg|Jongmyo Shrine (Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-27.종묘- DSC_7412.jpg|Jongmyo Shrine (Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-22.종묘대제-ESC_5612.jpg|Jongmyo Ancestral Rites
File:3-22.종묘대제-ESC_5627.jpg|Jongmyo Ancestral Rites
File:3-22.종묘대제-ESC_5691.jpg|Jongmyo Ancestral Rites
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[Jongmyojeongjeon (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyY-Y_bewLQ</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Honoring Ancestors through Ritual and Music - Ancestral Rituals of the Royal Shrine

2018-01-31T02:41:45Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=종묘 제례악과 함께 예술이 된 종묘제례
}}

The Jongmyo Ancestral Rituals are memorial ceremonies held in Jongmyo Shrine where it is believed the spirits of the past kings of the Joseon Dynasty reside. Jongmyo Shrine, located in central Seoul, was first built in 1396 by King Taejo, founder of the Joseon Dynasty (1932-1910), to house the spirit tablets of four of his ancestors.

The complex features three main buildings, among many other auxillary structures. The largest, main hall, called Jeongjeon, is 101 meters long and its nineteen chambers contain the spirit tablets of nineteen kings and thirty queens.

Jeongjeon is the resting place of King Taejo and other kings who have made particularly memorable contributions to the nation. When a king died, his spirit tablet would be kept at the Jeongjeon for five generations. After this, if a king was deemed to have had an exceptional legacy, his spirit tablet would remain in Jeongjeon. The spirit tablets of those kings with less exceptional legacies would be moved to Yeongnyeongjeon Hall, the second largest hall in the shrine complex.

Yeongnyeongjeon houses the spirit tablets of sixteen kings and seventeen queens. The current Jeongjeon and Yeongnyeongjeon were expanded in 1836. The Gonsindang annex next to Jeongjeon keeps the tablets of eighty-three high-ranking and meritorious Joseon Dynasty officials.

The Jongmyo Ceremonies include regular rituals as well as those for special occasions such as petitioning the royal ancestors for better fortunes after calamities or auspicious events. There were only incense offerings during the Japanese occupation, and the country was in such turmoil after liberation that not even incense was lit at the Jongmyo Shrine for a time. But from 1969, the Jeonju Yi Clan began to hold ceremonies again under the auspices of its Daejongyak-won clan-organization. From 1975 onwards, the full ceremony has been held each year on the first Sunday of May, and beginning in 2012, rituals also have been held the first Saturday of November.

The Jongmyo Shrine's Royal Ancestral Ritual Music, called Jongmyo Jeryeak, involves music and dance that praise the ancestors and invoke well-being in the royal household. The rites were formalized during the reign of King Sejong, fourth king of the Joseon Dynasty, and modified during the time of seventh King Sejo in late 15th Century.

The shrine complex was listed as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site in 1995, and its rites and the music inscribed on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2001.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-22.종묘- DSC_7454.jpg|Jongmyo Shrine (Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-27.종묘- DSC_7412.jpg|Jongmyo Shrine (Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul)
File:3-22.종묘대제-ESC_5612.jpg|Jongmyo Ancestral Rites
File:3-22.종묘대제-ESC_5627.jpg|Jongmyo Ancestral Rites
File:3-22.종묘대제-ESC_5691.jpg|Jongmyo Ancestral Rites
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[Jongmyojeongjeon (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyY-Y_bewLQ</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T04:09:22Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}

The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The roughly 50,000,000-Chinese character collection – which would take 10 years to read at a pace of 20 pages a day<ref>Kim, Hyeon. 2012. ''Inmunjeongbohagui mosaek''. Book Korea. p. 192.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

The records in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty "represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, five copies were made in total. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other four copies were each sent to a remote mountain archive in a different province.

The Annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the Annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the Annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the Annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T04:02:15Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}

The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The roughly 50,000,000-Chinese character collection – which would take 10 years to read at a pace of 20 pages a day<ref>Kim, Hyeon. 2012. ''Inmunjeongbohagui mosaek''. Book Korea. p. 192.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

The records in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty "represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, five copies were made in total. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other four copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The Annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the Annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the Annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the Annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T04:01:22Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}

The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The roughly 50,000,000-Chinese character collection – which would take 10 years to read at a pace of 20 pages a day<ref>Kim, Hyeon. 2012. ''Inmunjeongbohagui mosaek''. Book Korea. p. 192.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

The records in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty "represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, five were made from an original. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other four copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The Annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the Annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the Annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the Annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T03:47:02Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}

The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The roughly 50,000,000-Chinese character collection – which would take 10 years to read at a pace of 20 pages a day<ref>Kim, Hyeon. 2012. ''Inmunjeongbohagui mosaek''. Book Korea. p. 192.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

The records in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty "represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, four copies were made. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other three copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The Annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the Annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the Annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the Annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T03:24:15Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}

The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The roughly 50,000,000-Chinese character collection – which would take 10 years to read at a pace of 20 pages a day<ref>Kim, Hyeon. 2012. ''Inmunjeongbohagui mosaek''. Book Korea. p. 192.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

The records in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty "represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, eight full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, four copies were made. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other three copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The Annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the Annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the Annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the Annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T03:23:24Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}

The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The roughly 50,000,000-Chinese character collection – which would take 10 years to read at a pace of 20 pages a day<ref>Kim, Hyeon. 2012. ''Inmunjeongbohagui mosaek''. Book Korea. p. 192.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

The records in Annals of the Joseon Dynasty "represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, eight full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, four copies were made. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other three copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The Annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the Annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the Annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the Annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T03:20:49Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}

The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The roughly 50,000,000-Chinese character collection – which would take 10 years to read at a pace of 20 pages a day<ref>Kim, Hyeon. 2012. ''Inmunjeongbohagui mosaek''. Book Korea. p. 192.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

As stated on the [http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Annals website], "the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, eight full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, four copies were made. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other three copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The Annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the Annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the Annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the Annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T03:19:29Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}

The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The roughly 50,000,000-Chinese character collection – which would take 10 years to read at a pace of 20 pages a day<ref>Kim, Hyeon. 2012. ''Inmunjeongbohagui mosaek''. Book Korea. p. 192.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

As stated on the [http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Annals website], "the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, eight full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, four copies were made. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other three copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T03:18:14Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}

The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The roughly 50,000,000-Chinese character collection – which would take 10 years to read at a pace of 20 pages a day<ref>Kim, Hyeon. 2012. ''Inmunjeongbohak-ui mosaek''. Book Korea. p. 192.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

As stated on the [http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Annals website], "the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, eight full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, four copies were made. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other three copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T03:17:52Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}

The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The roughly 50,000,000-character collection – which would take 10 years to read at a pace of 20 pages a day<ref>Kim, Hyeon. 2012. ''Inmunjeongbohak-ui mosaek''. Book Korea. p. 192.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

As stated on the [http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Annals website], "the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, eight full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, four copies were made. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other three copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T03:16:48Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}

The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The roughly 50,000,000-character collection – which would take 10 years to read at a pace of 20 pages a day<ref>Kim, Hyeon. 2011. ''Inmunjeongbohak-ui mosaek''. Book Korea. p. 192.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

As stated on the [http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Annals website], "the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, eight full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, four copies were made. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other three copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록

2018-01-10T03:16:10Z

Lyndsey:

{{Eng Article|
|Article=472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty
}}
=='''조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록'''==

===왕도 볼 수 없었던 사초===

[[실록(實錄)]]은 조선시대에 왕대별로 편찬된 통치 역사의 기록이다. 첫번째 임금 [[조선 태조|태조]]로부터 마지막 임금 [[조선 순종|순종]]까지의 기록이 있으나, 일제강점기에 편찬된 고종실록과 순종실록을 제외한 태조-철종 간 25대 472년 간의 역사 기록을 [[조선왕조실록|조선왕조실록(朝鮮王朝實錄)]]이라고 통칭한다.

조선시대에는 왕이 세상을 떠나고 다음 왕이 등극하면 실록청(實錄廳)을 설치하여 전 왕대의 실록을 편찬하였다. 실록을 만드는 기본 자료로는 [[사초|사초(史草)]]를 비롯하여, 『[[승정원일기|승정원일기(承政院日記)]]』, 『[[의정부등록|의정부등록(議政府謄錄)]]』 등 정부 주요 기관의 기록과 개인 문집 등이 사용되었다. 후세에는 『[[조보|조보(朝報)]]』, 『[[비변사등록|비변사등록(備邊司謄錄)]]』, 『[[일성록|일성록(日省錄)]]』도 중요 자료로 쓰였다.

[[사초]]는 전 왕 재위 시에 [[사관|사관(史官)]]들이 작성해둔 기록으로 실록의 중심 자료가 되었다. 네 명의 전임 사관은 궁중에서 항상 임금 곁에 있다가 임금의 언행을 비롯하여 임금과 신하가 국사를 논의하고 처리하는 과정을 사실대로 기록하였다. 때로는 인물들에 대한 사관의 평가를 쓰기도 했다. 또 풍속의 미악(美惡)과 향토(鄕土)의 사정(邪正) 등을 보고 들은 대로 기록하여 [[사초]]를 작성하였다.

[[사초]]는 성격상 비밀을 유지해야 하기 때문에 [[사관]] 이외에는 아무도 보지 못하게 하였다. 필화(筆禍)를 막기 위해 임금도 열람할 수 없었다. [[사초]]를 본 [[사관]]이 그 내용을 누설할 경우에도 중죄에 처하도록 하였다. 이렇게 엄하게 단속한 덕분에 [[사관]]은 사실을 그대로 기록할 수 있었다.

===3단계로 편찬하여 네 곳에 보관===

실록 편찬은, [[사초]]를 비롯한 각종 기록들을 실록청에 모아들이는 것으로부터 시작된다. 실록청의 구성원은 모두 춘추관의 관원이었는데, 다음의 세 단계를 거쳐서 실록을 완성하였다. 첫째 단계는, 여러 개로 나뉜 방에서 각종 자료 중에 중요한 사실을 골라내 초고를 작성하는 것이었다. 둘째, 중심 부서인 도청에서 초고에서 빠진 사실을 추가하고 불필요한 내용을 삭제하며 잘못된 부분을 수정하여 중간 원고를 작성하였다. 셋째, 실록청의 우두머리인 총재관과 도청 당상이 중간 원고의 오류를 다시 한 번 더 수정하고 체재와 문장을 통일하여 최종 원고를 만들어낸다.

실록이 완성되면 여러 부를 더 등사하여 서울과 지방의 [[사고|사고(史庫)]]에 각기 나누어 보관하였다. 전쟁과 천재지변으로 인한 실록 소실의 위험을 분산하기 위한 조치였다. 그리고 편찬에 이용한 기본 자료인 춘추관 시정기와 사관의 사초 및 실록의 초고와 중간 원고는 서울 자하문(紫霞門) 밖 차일암(遮日巖) 시냇물에서 세초(洗草)하였다. 세초란 종이의 먹물을 씻어내는 것인데 기밀이 누설되는 것을 막고 종이를 재활용하려는 목적으로 시행되었다.

조선 전기에는 춘추관, 충주, 전주, 성주 등 에 [[사고]]에 실록을 보관하였는데, 전주사고(全州史庫)에 보관된 실록을 제외한 나머지 실록은 임진왜란 당시 모두 소실되었다. 이 때 전주 사고에 있던 조선왕조실록을 지킨 사람은 민간인이었다. 전라도 태인의 선비인 안의(安義)와 손홍록(孫弘祿)이 1592년 6월 일본군이 금산에 침입했다는 소식을 듣고 사재(私財)를 털어서 『태조실록(太祖實錄)』부터 『명종실록(明宗實錄)』까지 13대의 실록 804권과 기타 소장 도서들을 정읍의 내장산으로 옮겨놓았다. 그리고 다음해 7월에 정부에 넘겨줄 때까지 1년여 동안 번갈아가며 지켰다고 한다. 전쟁이 끝난 후 전주사고 실록을 기준으로 다시 4부를 베끼고 이를 춘추관과 깊은 산 속에 마련한 서고에 보관하였다.

===누구나 볼 수 있는 실록===

조선왕조실록은 정치뿐만 아니라 각종 제도, 법률, 경제, 사회, 풍속, 천문, 지리, 과학, 예술, 학문, 사상, 윤리, 도덕, 종교 등 각 방면의 역사적 사실을 망라하는, 조선시대의 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료이다. 그 방대한 분량이나 공정성을 지키기 위한 노력 등에서 세계에서 유례를 찾아보기 어려운 귀중한 역사 기록물이다. 조선왕조실록은 정족산본 1,181책, 태백산본 848책, 오대산본 27책, 기타 21책을 포함해서 총 2,077책이 일괄적으로 국보 제151호로 지정되었고, 1997년에는 세계문화유산으로 등재되었다.

『[[조선왕조실록]]』은 원래 한문으로 기록되어 일반인들이 읽기 어려웠다. 그러나 1968년부터 세종대왕기념사업회가, 1972년부터는 민족문화추진회가 국역 사업을 시작하여 1993년에 국역본 413책이 완성되어 간행되었고, 1995년에는 CD-ROM으로도 제작되었다. 북한에서도 1980년에 『리조실록(李朝實錄)』이라는 이름으로 번역본 400권을 출판했다.

<gallery mode=packed heights=180px>
파일:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju_Historical_Museum.jpg|태조실록(전주시 완산구 쑥고개로 전주역사박물관) / 사진제공(김지호)-한국관광공사
파일:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju_Historical_Museum.jpg|정조실록(전주시 완산구 쑥고개로 전주역사박물관) / 사진제공(김지호)-한국관광공사
파일:3-21.정족산_사고_Samnangseong_(2).jpg|정족산 사고(인천 강화군) / 사진제공(김지호)-한국관광공사
파일:3-21.정족산_사고_Samnangseong_(3).jpg|정족산 사고 안내판 / 사진제공(김지호)-한국관광공사
파일:3-21.정족산_사고_Samnangseong.jpg|정족산 사고 장사각(인천 강화군) / 사진제공(김지호)-한국관광공사
</gallery>

=='''관련항목'''==
*[[조선왕조실록]]
*[[실록청]]
*『[[승정원일기|승정원일기(承政院日記)]]』
*『[[의정부등록|의정부등록(議政府謄錄)]]』
*『[[조보|조보(朝報)]]』
*『[[비변사등록|비변사등록(備邊司謄錄)]]』
*『[[일성록|일성록(日省錄)]]』
*[[사초]]
*[[사관]]
*[[사고]]

=='''참고문헌'''==
*'''조선왕조실록에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히고자 한다면... '''

{{참고문헌
|참고문헌1=이성무, 『조선왕조실록 어떤 책인가』, 동방미디어, 1999.
}}
'''『조선왕조실록 어떤 책인가』'''는 유네스코 지정 세계기록유산인 『조선왕조실록』에 대해 구체적으로 탐구한 책이다. 『조선왕조실록』은 왜 정변의 원인이 되었는지, 폐위된 왕들에게도 실록이 있었는지, 『조선왕조실록』에 대한 몇 가지 의문점을 되짚어보고, 『조선왕조실록』의 편찬과 보관과정, 오늘날 『조선왕조실록』의 대중화 작업과 CD-ROM 제작까지 다양한 사료를 통해 『조선왕조실록』에 대한 궁금증을 파헤쳤다.

*'''조선왕조실록의 사론(史論)에 대해 더 알고 싶다면... '''

{{참고문헌
|참고문헌1=조선왕조실록번역팀, 『사필 사론으로 본 조선왕조실록』, 한국고전번역원, 2016.
|참고문헌2=윤용철, 『조선왕조실록 졸기』, 다울, 2007.
}}
조선왕조실록에는 사건의 시말이나 시비는 물론이고 관직 임명에 대한 의견, 생전 또는 사후의 인물에 대한 평가 등 주관적인 의견도 실려 있는데, 이것이 바로 ‘사신왈’, ‘사신논왈' 등으로 시작하는 사론이다. 사론이 수록되어 있다는 점은 조선왕조실록의 중요한 특징 중 하나로서, 실록의 본질적 가치를 논할 때, 사론을 빼고 말하기는 어렵다. 사론은 조선 전기의 실록에만도 3400여 건이 실려 있는데, 이 시기 사론을 분석한 연구에 따르면 그 가운데 약 57%가 인물에 대한 논평이라고 한다. '''『사필 사론으로 본 조선왕조실록』'''은 사론을 통해 실록의 본질적인 가치를 짚어 보고자 기획되었다. 전체를 2부로 구성하여 1부에는 실록 속 다양한 사안을 논평한 사론들을, 2부에는 사관과 실록의 발자취를 실었다.

'''『조선왕조실록 졸기』'''는 전방위적인 기록들 중에서 조선 전ㆍ중기에 가장 영향력 있던 인물 23인을 선정하여, 실록에 기록된 그들의 졸기 및 그 졸기와 관계된 사건과 일화들을 정리한 책이다. 졸기(卒記)는 말 그대로 죽음의 기록으로, 해당 인사에 대한 출생에서부터 죽음에 이르기까지 전반적인 내용을 전해준다. 이 책에서는 먼저 『조선왕조실록』에 기록된 해당 인물의 졸기를 원문 국역으로 배치하고, 그 졸기에 나타난 내용을 실록의 기록에서 구체적으로 검색해 기술하였다. 인물의 업적이나 과(過), 그리고 사건에 대한 주관적인 입장을 배제하고, 실록에 나타난 기록을 바탕으로 객관적인 사실 전달에 중점을 두었다. 또한 졸기에 오르지 않은 몇 명에 대한 이야기도 졸기의 형식을 빌어 포함시켰다.

[[분류:문화로 이해하는 한국]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T03:15:41Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}
133,968-page
The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The roughly 50,000,000-character collection – which would take 10 years to read at a pace of 20 pages a day<ref>Kim, Hyeon. 2011. ''Inmunjeongbohak-ui mosaek''. Book Korea. p. 192.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

As stated on the [http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Annals website], "the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, eight full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, four copies were made. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other three copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

Understanding Korea through Culture

2018-01-10T03:12:23Z

Lyndsey: /* Royal Culture of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) */

{{Kor Article|
|Article=문화로 이해하는 한국
}}

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

This section features 28 articles about various aspects of Korean culture - past and present.

==Traditional Clothing, Cuisine, and Dwellings==
* [[Beauty in Motion - Traditional Korean Clothing]]
* [[The Heart of Korean Society - Traditional Korean Cuisine]]
* [[Human-Centered Design - The Traditional Korean Home]]

==Korea's Traditional Arts==
* [[Points and Curves - Traditional Korean Music]]
* [[Document, Depict, Honor, and Express - Traditional Korean Painting]]
* [[Natural and Unassuming Elegance - Traditional Korean Pottery]]

==Text Culture==
* [[Knowledge is Power - The Origin and Historical Usage of the Korean Alphabet, Hangeul]]
* [[ On the Cutting Edge of History - The Legacy of Korea's Printing Culture]]

==Sport and Technology==
* [[Beyond Taekwondo - Traditional Sports of Korea]]
* [[A Weapon of War - The History of Gunpowder in Korea]]

== Korea's Education Culture==
* [[Korea's Traditional Education - Over a Millennium of Confucian Learning]]
* [[Modern Education and Christianity]]
* [[Education in Korea Today]]

==Koreans' Religions==
* [[Governance System, Social Order, and Religion - Confucianism of Korea]]
* [[Religion of the People - Korean Buddhism]]
* [[From Persecution to Prevalence - Christianity in Korea]]
* [[From Ancient Times to Today - Korea's Native Folk Beliefs]]

==Royal Culture of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910)==
* [[Understanding the Design and Function of Joseon's Royal Palaces]]
* [[Documenting Ritual and Celebration - The Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty]]
* [[472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty]]
* [[The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty]]
* [[Honoring Ancestors through Ritual and Music - Ancestral Rituals of the Royal Shrine]]

==The New Face of Modern Korea==
* [[The Rise of Korean Women’s Status]]
* [[South Korea’s Burgeoning Multi-cultural Families]]
* [[Smartphone and Internet Reshape the Lifestyles of Koreans]]
* [[Low Birth Rates, an Aging Society, and Economic Stagnation]]
* [[Seoul, the Heart of Asia - Past and Future]]
* [[Population Change and Urbanization]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T03:11:26Z

Lyndsey: Lyndsey님이 472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty 문서를 넘겨주기를 만들지 않고 472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty 문서로 이동...

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}
133,968-page
The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The 133,968-page collection – which would take seven years to read at a pace of 50 pages a day<ref>Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

As stated on the [http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Annals website], "the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, eight full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, four copies were made. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other three copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T03:03:02Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}
133,968-page
The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The 133,968-page collection – which would take seven years to read at a pace of 50 pages a day<ref>Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official UNESCO-registered collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

As stated on the [http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Annals website], "the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of annals was considered a check on a king's behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, eight full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what to include in the text and how to include it, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, four copies were made. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other three copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T03:01:09Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}
133,968-page
The ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,'' also called the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,'' or simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The 133,968-page collection – which would take seven years to read at a pace of 50 pages a day<ref>Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.</ref>– covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The annals of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

As stated on the [http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Annals website], "the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion."<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of veritable records was considered a check on a king’s behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, eight full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the annals for that king. There were various regulations regarding what and how to include in the text, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the annals of a king were finalized, four copies were made. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other three copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The annals were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the annals were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the annals are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the annals. Projects to translate the annals into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T02:51:27Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉
}}

The Joseon royal tombs are a collection of 40 tombs built from 1408 to 1966 in which 27 generations of Joseon kings and queens are buried. They have been well preserved and demonstrate Confucian values, funerary culture, geomancy, and architecture of the Joseon dynasty. They were selected as a UNESCO World Heritage in 2013.

Tombs played an important role in Joseon society, which was based on Confucianism. Ancestral rituals, which honored the dead, were held multiple times a year. The spirits of the deceased were believed to come back to their tombs during these rituals, and therefore, the tombs needed to be located in auspicious and beautiful locations and maintained in good condition in order to please the spirits. This was more so the case for royal tombs.

The royal tombs are located some distance outside the walls of the Joseon capital, Hanyang, but still within Gyeonggi-do Province (with one exception - the tomb of King Danjong in Yeongwol, Gangwon-do). Their locations were selected based on geomancy – in remote areas with mountains to the back and sides and flowing water to the front. The mound-shaped tombs were located atop a hill and surrounded by trees to protect them from the elements. There are various kinds of tombs styles which were chosen in harmony with the surrounding environment: single tomb (a single mound for a king or queen), twin tomb (king next to queen), triplet tomb (king and two queens), combined tomb (king and queen(s) buried in same mound), or two or three ridge tomb (tombs on adjacent hills sharing a ritual house), and upper and lower tombs (two tombs with one located higher up on the hill than the other). Each tomb has its own name ending in “-''neung''” or “-''reung'',” which means “royal tomb."

A royal tomb has two sections: the burial area and the ritual area. The burial area is located in the back of the complex on a hill, while the ritual area is located in the front, below the hill. The burial area includes the burial mound, a stone platform, a stone lantern, and stone figures of various animals, all surrounded by a low wall in the back and sides. Just below this are two rows of stone statues of civil and military officials and their horses. The ritual area includes a spiked, red entrance gate, a T-shaped ritual house, and various auxiliary buildings. The ritual house has a window along its back wall, through which the burial area can be seen as someone performs a ritual bow.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-20.건원릉(동구릉)-0138.jpg|Geongwonneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.경릉-동구릉.jpg|Gyeongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.목릉(동구릉)- 0113.jpg|Mongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.수릉(동구릉)-DSC_0323.jpg|Sureung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.광릉-석상.jpg|Stone Statues at Gwangneung Royal Tomb (Gwangneungsumonkwon-ro, Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.선릉(선정릉(성종)-0049.jpg|Seonneung Royall Tomb (100-gil, Seonneung-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul)
File:3-20.파주장릉-1788.jpg|Ancestral Ritual Offerings at Jangneung Royal Tomb (Jangneung-ro, Tanhyeon-myeon, Paju, gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.헌릉1.jpg|Ancestral Ritual at Heonneung Royal Tomb (Heoninneung-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

===Locations of the Royal Tombs===
<gallery mode=packed heights=400px>
File:045(E).jpg|Locations of Joseon Royal Tombs
</gallery>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; background:white; text-align:left;"
!style="width:15%;"|Number||style="width:10%;"|Name||style="width:30%;"|Entombed Person(s)||style="width:5%;"|Generation||style="width:30%;"|Date of Construction||style="width:10%;"|Type
|-
|rowspan="3"|01 Paju Samneung||Gongneung (恭陵)||Queen Jangsun (Yejong's 1st Queen)||08||1461, 1471 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Sunneung (順陵)||Queen Gonghye (Seongjong's 1st Queen)||09||1474||Single
|-
|Yeongneung (永陵)||King Jinjo and Queen Hyosun||Honorary||King: 1728, Queen: 1751, 1776 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|02 Paju Jangneung||Jangneung (長陵)||King Injo and Queen Innyeol (Injo's 1st Queen)||16||1731 (Moved to current site)||Combined
|-
|03 Gimpo Jangneung||Jangneung (章陵)||King Wonjong and Queen Inheon||Honorary||King: 1627 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1626, 1632 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|rowspan="5"|04 Goyang Seooerung||Changneung (昌陵)||King Yejong and Queen Ansun (Yejong's 2nd Queen)||08||King: 1470, Queen: 1499||Two ridge
|-
|Gyeongneung (敬陵)||King Deokjong and Queen Sohye||Honorary||King: 1457, Queen: 1504||Two ridge
|-
|Myeongneung (明陵)||King Sukjong and Queen Inheon (Sukjong's 2nd Queen); Queen Inwon (Sukjong's 3rd Queen)||19||King: 1720, 2nd Queen: 1701, 3rd Queen: 1757||Two ridge (Twin and single)
|-
|Ingneung (翼陵)||Queen Ingyeong (Sukjong's 1st Queen)||19||1680||Single
|-
|Hongneung (弘陵)||Queen Jeongseong (Yeongjo's 1st Queen)||21||1757||Single
|-
|05 Yangju Onneung||Onneung (溫陵)||Queen Dangyeong (Jungjong's 1st Queen)||11||1557, 1739 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="3"|06 Goyang Seosamneung||Huireung (禧陵)||Queen Janggyeong (Jungjong's 2nd Queen)||11||1537 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|Hyoreung (孝陵)||King Injong and Queen Injeong||12||King: 1545, Queen: 1578||Twin
|-
|Yereung (睿陵)||King Cheoljong and Queen Cheorin||25||King: 1864, Queen: 1878||Twin
|-
|07 Seong Jeongneung||Jeongneung (貞陵)||Queen Sindeok (Taejo's 2nd Queen)||01||1409 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|08 Seoul Taereung and Gangneung||Taereung (泰陵)||Queen Munjeong (Jungjong's 3rd Queen)||11||1565||Single
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Myeongjong and Queen Insun||13||King: 1567, Queen: 1575||Twin
|-
|09 Seong Uireung||Uireung(懿陵)||King Gyeongjong and Queen Seonui (Gyeongjong's 2nd Queen)||20||King: 1724, Queen: 1730||Upper and lower
|-
|rowspan="9"|10 Guri Donggureung||Geonweonneung (健元陵)||King Taejo||01||1408||Single
|-
|Hyeongneung(顯陵)||King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok||05||King: 1452, Queen: 1513 (Moved to current site)||Two ridge
|-
|Mongneung (穆陵)||King Seonjo and Queen Uiin (Seonjo's 1st Queen); and Queen Inmok (Seonjo's 2nd Queen)||14||King: 1630 (Moved to current site), 1st Queen: 1600, 2nd Queen: 1632||Three ridge (all single)
|-
|Hwireung (徽陵)||Queen Jangnyeol (Injo's 2nd Queen)||16||1688||Single
|-
|Sungneung (崇陵)||King Hyeonjong and Queen Myeongseong||18||King: 1674, Queen: 1684||Twin
|-
|Hyereung (惠陵)||Queen Danui (Gyeongjong's 1st Queen)||20||1718, 1720 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Wonneung (元陵)||King Yeongjo and Queen Jeongsun (Yeongjo's 2nd Queen)||21||King: 1776, Queen: 1805||Twin
|-
|Sureung (綏陵)||King Munjo and Queen Sinjeong||Honorary||King: 1855 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1890||Combined
|-
|Gyeongreung (景陵)||King Heonjong, Queen Hyohyeon (Heonjong's 1st Queen), and Queen Hyojeong (Heonjong's 2nd Queen)||24||King: 1849, 1st Queen: 1843, 2nd Queen: 1904||Triplet
|-
|rowspan="2"|11 Seoul Seonneung and Jeongneung||Seonneung (宣陵)||King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon (Seongjong's 2nd Queen)||09||King: 1495, Queen: 1530||Two ridge
|-
|Jeongneung (靖陵)||King Jungjong||11||1562 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|12 Seoul Heonneung and Inneung||Heonneung (獻陵)||King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong||03||King: 1422, Queen: 1420||Twin
|-
|Inneung (仁陵)||King Sunjo and Queen Sunwon||23||King: 1856 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1857||Combined
|-
|13 Namyangju Gwangneung||Gwangneung (光陵)||King Sejo and Queen Jeonghui||07||King: 1468, Queen: 1483||Two ridge
|-
|14 Namyangju Sareung||Sareung (思陵)||Queen Jeongsun (Danjong's Queen)||06||1531, 1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|15 Namyangju Hongneung and Yureung||Hongneung (洪陵)||Emperor Gojong and Empress Myeongseong||26||Emperor: 1919, Empress: 1919 (Moved to current site)||Combined
|-
|Yureung (裕陵)||Emperor Sunjong, Empress Sunmyeong (Sunjong's 1st Empress), Empress Sunjeong (Sunjong's 2nd Empress)||27||Emperor: 1926, 1st Empress: 1926 (Moved to current site), 2nd Empress: 1966||Combined
|-
|rowspan="2"|16 Hwaseong Yungneung and Geonneung||Yungneung (隆陵)||King Jangjo and Queen Heongyeong||Honorary||King: 1789 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1815, 1899 (Invested as royal tomb)||Combined
|-
|Geonneung(健陵)||King Jeongjo and Queen Hyoui||22||King: 1821 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1821||Combined
|-
|rowspan="2"|17 Yeoju Yeongneung and Yeongneung||Yeongneung (英陵)||King Sejong and Queen Soheon||04||1469 (Moved to current site)||Combined
|-
|Yeongneung (寧陵)||King Hyojong and Queen Inseon||17||King: 1673 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1674||Upper and lower
|-
|18 Yeongwol Jangneung||Jangneung (莊陵)||King Danjong||06||1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|Located in Present-day North Korea||Jereung (齊陵)||Queen Sinui (Taejo's 1st Queen)||01||1391, 1392 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Hureung (厚陵)||King Jeongjong and Queen Jeongan||02||King: 1420, Queen: 1412||Twin
|-
|rowspan="2"|Misc.||Tomb of Yeonsangun||King Yeonsangun and Queen Geochang||10||King: 1512 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1537||Twin
|-
|Tomb of Gwanghaegun||King Gwanghaegun and Queen Munseong||15||King: 1641, Queen: 1623||Twin
|}

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 56-71.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T02:49:25Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉
}}

The Joseon royal tombs are a collection of 40 tombs built from 1408 to 1966 in which 27 generations of Joseon kings and queens are buried. They have been well preserved and demonstrate Confucian values, funerary culture, geomancy, and architecture of the Joseon dynasty. They were selected as a UNESCO World Heritage in 2013.

Tombs played an important role in Joseon society, which was based on Confucianism. Ancestral rituals, which honored the dead, were held multiple times a year. The spirits of the deceased were believed to come back to their tombs during these rituals, and therefore, the tombs needed to be located in auspicious and beautiful locations and maintained in good condition in order to please the spirits. This was more so the case for royal tombs.

The royal tombs are located some distance outside the walls of the Joseon capital, Hanyang, but still within Gyeonggi-do Province (with one exception - the tomb of King Danjong in Yeongwol, Gangwon-do). Their locations were selected based on geomancy – in remote areas with mountains to the back and sides and flowing water to the front. The mound-shaped tombs were located atop a hill and surrounded by trees to protect them from the elements. There are various kinds of tombs styles which were chosen in harmony with the surrounding environment: single tomb (a single mound for a king or queen), twin tomb (king next to queen), triplet tomb (king and two queens), combined tomb (king and queen(s) buried in same mound), or two ridge tomb (tombs on adjacent hills sharing a ritual house), and upper and lower tombs (two tombs with one located higher up on the hill than the other). Each tomb has its own name ending in “-''neung''” or “-''reung'',” which means “royal tomb."

A royal tomb has two sections: the burial area and the ritual area. The burial area is located in the back of the complex on a hill, while the ritual area is located in the front, below the hill. The burial area includes the burial mound, a stone platform, a stone lantern, and stone figures of various animals, all surrounded by a low wall in the back and sides. Just below this are two rows of stone statues of civil and military officials and their horses. The ritual area includes a spiked, red entrance gate, a T-shaped ritual house, and various auxiliary buildings. The ritual house has a window along its back wall, through which the burial area can be seen as someone performs a ritual bow.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-20.건원릉(동구릉)-0138.jpg|Geongwonneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.경릉-동구릉.jpg|Gyeongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.목릉(동구릉)- 0113.jpg|Mongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.수릉(동구릉)-DSC_0323.jpg|Sureung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.광릉-석상.jpg|Stone Statues at Gwangneung Royal Tomb (Gwangneungsumonkwon-ro, Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.선릉(선정릉(성종)-0049.jpg|Seonneung Royall Tomb (100-gil, Seonneung-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul)
File:3-20.파주장릉-1788.jpg|Ancestral Ritual Offerings at Jangneung Royal Tomb (Jangneung-ro, Tanhyeon-myeon, Paju, gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.헌릉1.jpg|Ancestral Ritual at Heonneung Royal Tomb (Heoninneung-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

===Locations of the Royal Tombs===
<gallery mode=packed heights=400px>
File:045(E).jpg|Locations of Joseon Royal Tombs
</gallery>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; background:white; text-align:left;"
!style="width:15%;"|Number||style="width:10%;"|Name||style="width:30%;"|Entombed Person(s)||style="width:5%;"|Generation||style="width:30%;"|Date of Construction||style="width:10%;"|Type
|-
|rowspan="3"|01 Paju Samneung||Gongneung (恭陵)||Queen Jangsun (Yejong's 1st Queen)||08||1461, 1471 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Sunneung (順陵)||Queen Gonghye (Seongjong's 1st Queen)||09||1474||Single
|-
|Yeongneung (永陵)||King Jinjo and Queen Hyosun||Honorary||King: 1728, Queen: 1751, 1776 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|02 Paju Jangneung||Jangneung (長陵)||King Injo and Queen Innyeol (Injo's 1st Queen)||16||1731 (Moved to current site)||Combined
|-
|03 Gimpo Jangneung||Jangneung (章陵)||King Wonjong and Queen Inheon||Honorary||King: 1627 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1626, 1632 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|rowspan="5"|04 Goyang Seooerung||Changneung (昌陵)||King Yejong and Queen Ansun (Yejong's 2nd Queen)||08||King: 1470, Queen: 1499||Two ridge
|-
|Gyeongneung (敬陵)||King Deokjong and Queen Sohye||Honorary||King: 1457, Queen: 1504||Two ridge
|-
|Myeongneung (明陵)||King Sukjong and Queen Inheon (Sukjong's 2nd Queen); Queen Inwon (Sukjong's 3rd Queen)||19||King: 1720, 2nd Queen: 1701, 3rd Queen: 1757||Two ridge (Twin and single)
|-
|Ingneung (翼陵)||Queen Ingyeong (Sukjong's 1st Queen)||19||1680||Single
|-
|Hongneung (弘陵)||Queen Jeongseong (Yeongjo's 1st Queen)||21||1757||Single
|-
|05 Yangju Onneung||Onneung (溫陵)||Queen Dangyeong (Jungjong's 1st Queen)||11||1557, 1739 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="3"|06 Goyang Seosamneung||Huireung (禧陵)||Queen Janggyeong (Jungjong's 2nd Queen)||11||1537 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|Hyoreung (孝陵)||King Injong and Queen Injeong||12||King: 1545, Queen: 1578||Twin
|-
|Yereung (睿陵)||King Cheoljong and Queen Cheorin||25||King: 1864, Queen: 1878||Twin
|-
|07 Seong Jeongneung||Jeongneung (貞陵)||Queen Sindeok (Taejo's 2nd Queen)||01||1409 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|08 Seoul Taereung and Gangneung||Taereung (泰陵)||Queen Munjeong (Jungjong's 3rd Queen)||11||1565||Single
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Myeongjong and Queen Insun||13||King: 1567, Queen: 1575||Twin
|-
|09 Seong Uireung||Uireung(懿陵)||King Gyeongjong and Queen Seonui (Gyeongjong's 2nd Queen)||20||King: 1724, Queen: 1730||Upper and lower
|-
|rowspan="9"|10 Guri Donggureung||Geonweonneung (健元陵)||King Taejo||01||1408||Single
|-
|Hyeongneung(顯陵)||King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok||05||King: 1452, Queen: 1513 (Moved to current site)||Two ridge
|-
|Mongneung (穆陵)||King Seonjo and Queen Uiin (Seonjo's 1st Queen); and Queen Inmok (Seonjo's 2nd Queen)||14||King: 1630 (Moved to current site), 1st Queen: 1600, 2nd Queen: 1632||Two ridge (twin and single)
|-
|Hwireung (徽陵)||Queen Jangnyeol (Injo's 2nd Queen)||16||1688||Single
|-
|Sungneung (崇陵)||King Hyeonjong and Queen Myeongseong||18||King: 1674, Queen: 1684||Twin
|-
|Hyereung (惠陵)||Queen Danui (Gyeongjong's 1st Queen)||20||1718, 1720 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Wonneung (元陵)||King Yeongjo and Queen Jeongsun (Yeongjo's 2nd Queen)||21||King: 1776, Queen: 1805||Twin
|-
|Sureung (綏陵)||King Munjo and Queen Sinjeong||Honorary||King: 1855 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1890||Combined
|-
|Gyeongreung (景陵)||King Heonjong, Queen Hyohyeon (Heonjong's 1st Queen), and Queen Hyojeong (Heonjong's 2nd Queen)||24||King: 1849, 1st Queen: 1843, 2nd Queen: 1904||Triplet
|-
|rowspan="2"|11 Seoul Seonneung and Jeongneung||Seonneung (宣陵)||King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon (Seongjong's 2nd Queen)||09||King: 1495, Queen: 1530||Two ridge
|-
|Jeongneung (靖陵)||King Jungjong||11||1562 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|12 Seoul Heonneung and Inneung||Heonneung (獻陵)||King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong||03||King: 1422, Queen: 1420||Twin
|-
|Inneung (仁陵)||King Sunjo and Queen Sunwon||23||King: 1856 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1857||Combined
|-
|13 Namyangju Gwangneung||Gwangneung (光陵)||King Sejo and Queen Jeonghui||07||King: 1468, Queen: 1483||Two ridge
|-
|14 Namyangju Sareung||Sareung (思陵)||Queen Jeongsun (Danjong's Queen)||06||1531, 1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|15 Namyangju Hongneung and Yureung||Hongneung (洪陵)||Emperor Gojong and Empress Myeongseong||26||Emperor: 1919, Empress: 1919 (Moved to current site)||Combined
|-
|Yureung (裕陵)||Emperor Sunjong, Empress Sunmyeong (Sunjong's 1st Empress), Empress Sunjeong (Sunjong's 2nd Empress)||27||Emperor: 1926, 1st Empress: 1926 (Moved to current site), 2nd Empress: 1966||Combined
|-
|rowspan="2"|16 Hwaseong Yungneung and Geonneung||Yungneung (隆陵)||King Jangjo and Queen Heongyeong||Honorary||King: 1789 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1815, 1899 (Invested as royal tomb)||Combined
|-
|Geonneung(健陵)||King Jeongjo and Queen Hyoui||22||King: 1821 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1821||Combined
|-
|rowspan="2"|17 Yeoju Yeongneung and Yeongneung||Yeongneung (英陵)||King Sejong and Queen Soheon||04||1469 (Moved to current site)||Combined
|-
|Yeongneung (寧陵)||King Hyojong and Queen Inseon||17||King: 1673 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1674||Upper and lower
|-
|18 Yeongwol Jangneung||Jangneung (莊陵)||King Danjong||06||1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|Located in Present-day North Korea||Jereung (齊陵)||Queen Sinui (Taejo's 1st Queen)||01||1391, 1392 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Hureung (厚陵)||King Jeongjong and Queen Jeongan||02||King: 1420, Queen: 1412||Twin
|-
|rowspan="2"|Misc.||Tomb of Yeonsangun||King Yeonsangun and Queen Geochang||10||King: 1512 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1537||Twin
|-
|Tomb of Gwanghaegun||King Gwanghaegun and Queen Munseong||15||King: 1641, Queen: 1623||Twin
|}

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 56-71.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉

2018-01-10T02:41:50Z

Lyndsey:

{{Eng Article|
|Article=The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty
}}
=='''세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉'''==

===백 리 안의 명당에 자리한 왕릉===
능(陵)은 왕과 왕비의 무덤을 말한다. 조선 왕릉에는 조선 왕조의 27대 왕과 왕비 및 추존된 왕과 왕비들이 묻혀 있다. 왕릉은 그들의 사후 공간이자 왕조를 수호하는 조상신(祖上神)의 신성한 영역으로 여겨졌다. 또 후손 왕들에게는 효로써 마음을 다하면서 혈통과 지위 계승의 영속성을 표하는 성역으로 여겨졌다.

조선 왕릉의 기본 구조는 『[[국조오례의|국조오례의(國朝五禮儀)]]』라는 예법으로 정해져 있었다. 그런데 시대에 따라, 왕이나 왕비의 살아 있을 때, 혹은 세상을 떠났을 때의 상황에 따라, 권력의 정도에 따라, 능의 지형에 따라, 당시 나라의 형편에 따라 다 그 모습이 달라졌다.

왕릉의 가장 중요한 조건은 풍수지리 상 명당이어야 한다는 것이다. 또 왕이 있는 도성에서 약 40킬로미터 안에 위치해야 한다. 왕이 능에 참배를 해야 하는데 하루 안에 돌아올 수 있어야 하기 때문이다. 조선시대에는 왕릉의 자리가 정해지면 주변 약 10㎞ 정도에는 다른 집을 지을 수 없었다. 그곳에 왕릉을 보호하기 위한 소나무들을 심었고 그 나무를 함부로 베어서도 안 되었다.

===신성하면서 예술적인 조형 공간===
원래 조선 왕릉은 모두 42기인데 그 중 북한의 개성에 있는 두 기를 제외한 남한에 있는 40기가 [[세계문화유산]]에 등재되었다.

조선 왕릉은 왕과 왕비의 유택인 능침 공간, 산 자와 죽은 자가 만나는 제향 공간, 산 자들을 위한 진입 공간으로 나뉘어 있다.

가장 높은 곳에 위치한 상계의 능침 공간에는 3면을 곡장으로 둘러싸고 그 안에 봉분을 만들고 떼를 입혔다. 봉분 하단은 화강암 병풍석과 돌난간으로 감쌌다. 봉분 주변에는 석양과 석호, 혼유석, 망주석이 자리한다. 봉분의 한 단 아래인 중계에는 중앙에 장명등이 있고 문석인과 석마가 좌우 한 쌍씩 마주하고 있다. 다시 한 단 아래인 하계에는 무석인과 석마가 좌우 한 쌍씩 있다. 영조 이후에는 중계와 하계의 구분이 없어졌다.

제향 공간은 신성한 곳임을 알리는 [[홍살문]]에서 박석을 깐 참도를 통해 [[정자각]]에 이르는 공간이다. [[정자각]]은 제수를 진설하고 절을 올리는 건물이다. [[정자각]]과 좌우 인접하여 비각과 수복방, 수라간 등이 있다. 진입 공간에는 금천교와 능묘 관리인이 근무하는 재실이 있고, 풍수지리설에 따라 설치한 인공 연못이 있다.

조선 왕릉은 전체 형태나 석물의 예술적 표현에서 고유한 가치를 인정받았다. 검은 박석이 아름답게 놓인 길을 걸어 이르는 [[정자각]]은 절제된 건축 형태로 눈길을 끈다. 이와 함께 각 능마다 모습은 다르지만 높은 예술적 경지를 보여주는 문무석인의 조형 등은 조선 왕릉에서만 볼 수 있는 독특한 요소들이다.

조선 왕릉의 특징 중 눈에 띠는 것은 왕릉이 ‘강(岡)’이라 불리는 언덕 위에 있다는 것이다. 강은 땅 속에 흐르는 생기를 모은 저장 탱크라는 의미와, 왕의 위엄을 보여주는 왕권의 시각적 과시를 위한 장치라는 의미를 지니고 있다. 풍수 이론을 적용하되 자연 지형을 최대한 살리면서 그 조건에 구조물을 맞추어나가는 자연친화적인 방식을 선택한 것도 조선 왕릉의 가치를 더해준다.

===기록과 제례로 계승되는 문화유산===
왕릉을 만드는 과정을 적은 왕릉 관련 기록들도 주목할 만하다. 조선시대에는 임금이 세상을 떠나면 그 자리를 이어받은 새 임금이 의례를 갖추어 전왕의 국장을 치르고 능을 조성한다. 그리고 왕릉을 왕조의 성역이자 역사의 유산으로 남기기 위해 이에 관련한 다양한 기록들을 남겼다. 그 대표적인 것은 [[실록|실록(實錄)]]과 [[의궤|의궤(儀軌)]], [[능지|능지(陵誌)]]이다.

조선시대에 일어난 역사적 사실을 각 왕별로 기록한 [[실록]]에도 왕릉에 관련한 기록이 포함되어 있지만 [[의궤]]와 [[능지]]를 별도로 만들어 왕릉 조성에 대한 기록을 꼼꼼히 남겨두었다. [[의궤]]는 조선시대에 왕실이나 국가의 주요 행사의 내용을 정리한 기록으로, 장례에 관련한 『[[국장도감의궤|국장도감의궤(國葬都監儀軌)]]』, 『[[빈전도감의궤|빈전도감의궤(殯殿都監儀軌)]]』, 『[[산릉도감의궤|산릉도감의궤(山陵都監儀軌)]]』가 있다. 『산릉도감의궤』에는 왕릉 조성을 전후로 논의된 내용, 각종 공문, 건축하는 데 소용된 물품 등이 자세히 기록되어 있다. 또 [[능지]]는 능역을 지키는 시행 지침 또는 규칙을 나열한 절목과 제례를 행할 때의 절차를 적어놓은 기록이다. 이는 능관(陵官)이 업무를 행하는 데 지침서 역할을 해주었다. 이 책에는 능역의 위치 및 건물의 규모, 운영에 필요한 재정적 요소 등도 기록되어 있다.

이런 기록들은 오늘날까지 전해져서 조선시대의 왕실 역사는 물론 제례 문화에 대한 중대한 자료가 되고 있다. 특히 『산릉도감의궤』에는 산릉을 조성하는 공정은 물론 흙을 나르는 데 참여한 단순노역자의 이름까지 기록되어 있어 이 의궤 자체만도 커다란 역사적 가치를 지니고 있다.

조선 왕릉은 [[세계문화유산]] 등재 시, 한 왕조의 왕릉이 고스란히 보존되어 있고 그 후손들이 아직도 제례 등을 통해 물리적 보존은 물론 무형적 문화 전통까지 계승하고 있다는 점에 높은 평가를 받았다. 1910년 일본의 침략으로 조선 왕조가 망한 후 왕릉의 제례를 거행하기 어려웠지만 전주이씨 대동종약원이 제례를 계속 이어와서 지금에까지 이르고 있다.

왕릉에서는 매년 속절제(俗節祭)와 기신제(忌辰祭)를 지낸다. 속절제는 사계절을 대표하는 날인 정월초, 한식, 단오, 추석, 동지, 섣달 그믐과 청명(淸明)날에 지내는 제례이다. 또 기신제는 왕이나 왕비가 세상을 떠난 기일에 지내는 제사이다. 조선시대에는 산릉 제례를 종묘 제례와 사직 대제와 같은 국가 차원의 제사로 정성껏 모셨다.

<gallery mode=packed heights=180px>
파일:3-20.건원릉(동구릉)-0138.jpg|동구릉 건원릉(경기 구리시)
파일:3-20.경릉-동구릉.jpg|동구릉 경릉(경기 구리시)
파일:3-20.광릉-석상.jpg|광릉 석상(경기 남양주시)
파일:3-20.목릉(동구릉)-_0113.jpg|동구릉 목릉(경기 구리시)
파일:3-20.선릉(선정릉(성종)-0049.jpg|선정릉 선릉(서울 강남구)
파일:3-20.수릉(동구릉)-DSC_0323.jpg|동구릉 수릉(경기 구리시)
파일:3-20.융릉-석상.jpg|융건릉 융릉(경기 화성시)
파일:3-20.의릉_0117.JPG|의릉(서울 성북구)
파일:3-20.창릉-서오릉.jpg|서오릉 창릉(경기 고양시)
파일:3-20.파주장릉-_GSC8668.jpg|파주 장릉(경기 파주시)
파일:3-20.파주장릉-1788.jpg|파주 장릉 제향(경기 파주시)
파일:3-20.헌릉1.jpg|헌인릉 헌릉(서울 서초구)
파일:3-20.현릉-동구릉.jpg|동구릉 현릉(경기 구리시)
파일:3-20.혜릉-석상.jpg|동구릉 혜릉 석상(경기 구리시)
</gallery>

[[파일:045(K).jpg|600px|thumb|center]]

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; background:white; text-align:left;"
!style="width:15%;"|번호||style="width:10%;"|능명||style="width:30%;"|능주||style="width:5%;"|세대||style="width:30%;"|조성연대||style="width:10%;"|형태
|-
|rowspan="3"|01 파주 삼릉||공릉(恭陵)||예종원비 장순왕후||08||1461년, 1471년(봉릉)||단릉
|-
|순릉(順陵)||성종원비 공혜왕후||09||1474년||단릉
|-
|영릉(永陵)||진종소황제와 효순소황후||추존||왕:1728년, 비:1751년, 1776년(봉릉)||쌍릉
|-
|02 파주 장릉||장릉(長陵)||인조와 원비 인렬왕후||16||1731년(이장)||합장릉
|-
|03 김포 장릉||장릉(章陵)||원종과 인헌왕후||추존||왕:1627(이장), 비:1626, 1632년(봉릉)||쌍릉
|-
|rowspan="5"|04 고양 서오릉||창릉(昌陵)||예종과 계비 안순왕후||08||왕:1470년, 비:1499년||동원이강릉
|-
|경릉(敬陵)||덕종과 소혜왕후||추존||왕:1457년, 비:1504년||동원이강릉
|-
|명릉(明陵)||숙종과 1계비 인현왕후, 2계비 인원왕후||19||왕:1720년, 1계비:1701년, 2계비:1757년||동원이강릉
|-
|익릉(翼陵)||숙종원비 인경왕후||19||1680년||단릉
|-
|홍릉(弘陵)||영조원비 정성왕후||21||1757년||단릉
|-
|05 양주 온릉||온릉(溫陵)||중종원비 단경왕후||11||1557년, 1739년(봉릉)||단릉
|-
|rowspan="3"|06 고양 서삼릉||희릉(禧陵)||중종1계비 장경왕후||11||1537년(이장)||단릉
|-
|효릉(孝陵)||인종과 인성왕후||12||왕:1545년, 비:1578년||쌍릉
|-
|예릉(睿陵)||철종장황제와 철인장황후||25||왕:1864년, 비:1878년||쌍릉
|-
|07 서울 정릉||정릉(貞陵)||태조 계비 신덕고황후||01||1409년(이장)||단릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|08 서울 태릉과 강릉||태릉(泰陵)||중종2계비 문정왕후||11||1565년||단릉
|-
|강릉(康陵)||명종과 인순왕후||13||왕:1567년, 비:1575년||쌍릉
|-
|09 서울 의릉||의릉(懿陵)||경종과 계비 선의왕후||20||왕:1724년,비:1730년||동원상하릉
|-
|rowspan="9"|10 구리 동구릉||건원릉(健元陵)||태조고황제||01||1408년||단릉
|-
|현릉(顯陵)||문종과 현덕왕후||05||왕:1452년, 비:1513년(이장)||동원이강릉
|-
|목릉(穆陵)||선조와 원비 의인왕후, 계비 인목왕후||14||왕:1630년(이장), 원비:1600년, 계비:1632년||동원이강릉
|-
|휘릉(徽陵)||인조계비 장렬왕후||16||1688년||단릉
|-
|숭릉(崇陵)||현종과 명성왕후||18||왕:1674년, 비:1684년||쌍릉
|-
|혜릉(惠陵)||경종원비 단의왕후||20||1718년, 1720년(봉릉)||단릉
|-
|원릉(元陵)||영조와 계비 정순왕후||21||왕:1776년, 비:1805년||쌍릉
|-
|수릉(綏陵)||문조익황제와 신정익황후||추존||왕:1855년(이장), 비:1890년||합장릉
|-
|경릉(景陵)||헌종성황제, 원비 효현성황후, 계비 효정성황후||24||왕:1849년, 원비:1843년, 계비:1904년||삼연릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|11 서울 건릉과 정릉||선릉(宣陵)||성종과 계비 정현왕후||09||왕:1495년, 비:1530년||동원이강릉
|-
|정릉(靖陵)||중종||11||1562년(이장)||단릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|12 서울 헌릉과 인릉||헌릉(獻陵)||태종과 원경왕후||03||왕:1422년, 비:1420년||쌍릉
|-
|인릉(仁陵)||순조숙황제와 순원숙황후||23||왕:1856년(이장), 비:1857년||합장릉
|-
|13 남양주 광릉||광릉(光陵)||세조와 정희왕후||07||왕:1468년, 비:1483년||동원이강릉
|-
|14 남양주 사릉||사릉(思陵)||단종비 정순왕후||06||1531년, 1698년(봉릉)||단릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|15 남양주 홍릉과 유릉||홍릉(洪陵)||고종태황제와 명성태황후||26||제:1919년, 후:1919년(이장)||합장릉
|-
|유릉(裕陵)||순종효황제, 원후 순명효황후, 계후 순정효황후||27||제:1926년, 원후:1926년(이장), 계후:1966년||합장릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|16 화성 융릉과 건릉||융릉(隆陵)||장조의황제와 헌경의황후||추존||왕:1789년(이장), 비:1815년, 1899년(봉릉)||합장릉
|-
|건릉(健陵)||정조선황제와 효의선황후||22||왕:1821년(이장), 비:1821년||합장릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|17 여주 영릉과 영릉||영릉(英陵)||세종과 소헌왕후||04||1469년(이장)||합장릉
|-
|영릉(寧陵)||효종과 인선왕후||17||왕:1673년(이장), 비:1674년||동원상하릉
|-
|18 영월 장릉||장릉(莊陵)||단종||06||1698년(봉릉)||단릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|북한소재||제릉(齊陵)||태조 원비 신의고황후||01||1391년, 1392년(봉릉)||단릉
|-
|후릉(厚陵)||정종과 정안왕후||02||왕:1420년, 비:1412년||쌍릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|기타||연산군묘||연산군과 거창군부인||10||왕:1512년(이장), 비:1537년||쌍분
|-
|광해군묘||광해군과 문성군부인||15||왕:1641년, 비:1623년||쌍릉
|}

=='''관련항목'''==
*『[[국조오례의|국조오례의(國朝五禮儀)]]』
*『[[국장도감의궤|국장도감의궤(國葬都監儀軌)]]』
*『[[빈전도감의궤|빈전도감의궤(殯殿都監儀軌)]]』
*『[[산릉도감의궤|산릉도감의궤(山陵都監儀軌)]]』
*[[세계문화유산]]
*[[홍살문]]
*[[정자각]]
*[[실록]]
*[[의궤]]
*[[능지]]

=='''참고문헌'''==
*'''왕릉 조성과정에 대해 더 알고 싶다면... '''

{{참고문헌
|참고문헌1=신병주, 『조선왕실의 왕릉 조성』, 세창출판사, 2017.
|참고문헌2=최낙기, 『왕릉 풍수 이야기』, 한국학술정보, 2014.
|참고문헌3=황인혁, 『조선 왕릉 산도』, 시간의물레, 2017.
|참고문헌4=김광호, 『잃어버린 왕조를 품다 조선 왕릉』, 혜성출판사, 2016.
}}
'''『조선왕실의 왕릉 조성』'''은 왕릉 조성에 얽힌 다양한 사연들을 정리해 왕릉에 얽힌 정치사, 문화사를 풍부하게 전달하는 책이다. 단순히 왕의 무덤이라는 측면 이외에 여러 의미를 지니고 있는 왕릉에 얽힌 역사와 문화에 대해 알아볼 수 있다.

'''『왕릉 풍수 이야기』'''는 조선왕조실록을 근간으로 삼은 책이다. 조선의 왕족, 조선왕릉의 조성양식, 조선시대 주요사건을 먼저 살펴본 뒤 본격적인 왕릉 풍수를 풀어냈다.

조선시대에는 산도를 산도·태실산도·산형도·형세도 등 다양한 용어를 사용하여 지칭하였음을 『조선왕조실록』을 통해 확인할 수 있다. 조선왕실의 산도는 왕과 왕비의 능을 대상으로 하는 왕릉산도와 왕의 태를 대상으로 하는 태실산도 그리고 왕실구성원 본 책에서 왕실구성원이란 전주이씨 시조인 사공공 이한(李翰)과 추존 4왕인 목조·익조·도조·환조, 그리고 태조 이성계에서 조선 마지막 왕인 순종까지의 왕과 왕비를 의미하며, 이들의 직계자손까지를 포함한다. '''『조선 왕릉 산도』'''에서는 왕실산도를 왕실구성원의 능원묘(陵園墓)에 대한 산도와 태실산도 그리고 『선원보감』에 수록된 산도를 포함하여 지칭하였다. 이 책에서는 『선원보감』 산도를 체계적으로 비교·분석을 하였다.

'''『잃어버린 왕조를 품다 조선 왕릉』'''. 조선 왕릉은 독특 한 한국인의 장묘 문화가 유교와 토착신앙이 어우러진 것으로 연중 치러지는 제례 의식 또한 역사의 전통으로 계승되어 오고 있다. 조선왕릉 전부가 빼어난 자연 경관을 잘 활용하여 조화를 이루고 석물 등의 공간 배치는 빼어난 예술적 가치를 자랑하고 있다. 독특한 분묘의 형태는 사후 도굴을 의식해서인지 깊이 묻혀 진 시신 위로 매우 두꺼운 화강암이 가로막아 중국에 비해 그 규모는 작지만 매우 견고하다. 이것이 온전한 왕릉을 보존케 한 비법이고 조상의 지혜인 것이다.

*'''왕릉의 제도 및 석물에 대해 더 알고 싶다면... '''

{{참고문헌
|참고문헌1=은광준, 『조선왕릉 석물복식: 세계문화유산』, 민속원, 2010.
|참고문헌2=정해득, 『조선 왕릉제도 연구』, 신구문화사, 2013.
}}
'''『조선왕릉 석물복식: 세계문화유산』'''에서는 조선시대 왕과 왕비의 능 그리고 북한에 있는 제릉, 후릉과 희릉지, 유릉지, 희릉 및 연산묘, 광해묘와 추존왕릉 5기 등 왕릉 석상의 복식을 총망라하고 있다. 특히 각 석상의 특성을 정확하게 묘사한 세밀화와 저자의 30여 년 연구를 상세하게 소개한다.

'''『조선 왕릉제도 연구』'''는 조선왕릉제도 전반에 대해 본격적으로 연구한 책이다. 저자는 경주의 신라왕릉, 공주·부여의 백제왕릉, 강화도의 고려왕릉은 물론 여러 곳에 산재한 조선왕릉을 직접 답사하여 조사하면서 각 시대마다 왕릉제도가 계승되고 변화·발전해 가는 과정을 확인하였다. 기존의 연구성과를 치밀하게 검토하고 최근에 소개된 북한 소재 왕릉의 사진자료를 통해 고려왕릉제도를 정리하여 공민왕릉에서 조선왕릉으로 계승·발전되어 가는 과정을 규명하였다.

*'''왕릉과 세계문화유산에 대해 더 알고 싶다면... '''

{{참고문헌
|참고문헌1=이창환, 『세계문화유산 신의정원 조선왕릉』, 한숲, 2014.
}}
'''『세계문화유산 신의정원 조선왕릉』'''은 조선왕릉의 조영적 특성 및 문화유산적 가치, 능역이 갖는 공간적 특성과 각종 건조물과 석물 등을 생생한 현장사진과 함께 순례형식으로 보여준다. 조선의 능원은 우리나라에 현존하는 전통공간 가운데 가장 완전한 형태를 갖추고 있는 우리나라만의 고유한 문화유산이다. 이 책은 저자가 그동안 축적한 연구 결과와 등재 과정에서 얻은 내용을 정리해 조선왕릉의 조영적 특성 및 문화유산적 가치, 27대에 걸친 조선의 왕과 왕비에 대한 탄생과 왕실생활 그리고 그들의 정치적 역량 등에 대하여 고증을 통해 서술하였다.

[[분류:문화로 이해하는 한국]]

The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T02:34:52Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉
}}

The Joseon royal tombs are a collection of 40 tombs built from 1408 to 1966 in which 27 generations of Joseon kings and queens are buried. They have been well preserved and demonstrate Confucian values, funerary culture, geomancy, and architecture of the Joseon dynasty. They were selected as a UNESCO World Heritage in 2013.

Tombs played an important role in Joseon society, which was based on Confucianism. Ancestral rituals, which honored the dead, were held multiple times a year. The spirits of the deceased were believed to come back to their tombs during these rituals, and therefore, the tombs needed to be located in auspicious and beautiful locations and maintained in good condition in order to please the spirits. This was more so the case for royal tombs.

The royal tombs are located some distance outside the walls of the Joseon capital, Hanyang, but still within Gyeonggi-do Province (with one exception - the tomb of King Danjong in Yeongwol, Gangwon-do). Their locations were selected based on geomancy – in remote areas with mountains to the back and sides and flowing water to the front. The mound-shaped tombs were located atop a hill and surrounded by trees to protect them from the elements. There are various kinds of tombs styles which were chosen in harmony with the surrounding environment: single tomb (a single mound for a king or queen), twin tomb (king next to queen), triplet tomb (king and two queens), double tomb (king and queen buried in same mound), or two ridge tomb (tombs on adjacent hills sharing a ritual house), and upper and lower tombs (two tombs with one located higher up on the hill than the other). Each tomb has its own name ending in “-''neung''” or “-''reung'',” which means “royal tomb."

A royal tomb has two sections: the burial area and the ritual area. The burial area is located in the back of the complex on a hill, while the ritual area is located in the front, below the hill. The burial area includes the burial mound, a stone platform, a stone lantern, and stone figures of various animals, all surrounded by a low wall in the back and sides. Just below this are two rows of stone statues of civil and military officials and their horses. The ritual area includes a spiked, red entrance gate, a T-shaped ritual house, and various auxiliary buildings. The ritual house has a window along its back wall, through which the burial area can be seen as someone performs a ritual bow.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-20.건원릉(동구릉)-0138.jpg|Geongwonneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.경릉-동구릉.jpg|Gyeongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.목릉(동구릉)- 0113.jpg|Mongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.수릉(동구릉)-DSC_0323.jpg|Sureung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.광릉-석상.jpg|Stone Statues at Gwangneung Royal Tomb (Gwangneungsumonkwon-ro, Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.선릉(선정릉(성종)-0049.jpg|Seonneung Royall Tomb (100-gil, Seonneung-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul)
File:3-20.파주장릉-1788.jpg|Ancestral Ritual Offerings at Jangneung Royal Tomb (Jangneung-ro, Tanhyeon-myeon, Paju, gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.헌릉1.jpg|Ancestral Ritual at Heonneung Royal Tomb (Heoninneung-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

===Locations of the Royal Tombs===
<gallery mode=packed heights=400px>
File:045(E).jpg|Locations of Joseon Royal Tombs
</gallery>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; background:white; text-align:left;"
!style="width:15%;"|Number||style="width:10%;"|Name||style="width:30%;"|Entombed Person(s)||style="width:5%;"|Generation||style="width:30%;"|Date of Construction||style="width:10%;"|Type
|-
|rowspan="3"|01 Paju Samneung||Gongneung (恭陵)||Queen Jangsun (Yejong's 1st Queen)||08||1461, 1471 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Sunneung (順陵)||Queen Gonghye (Seongjong's 1st Queen)||09||1474||Single
|-
|Yeongneung (永陵)||King Jinjo and Queen Hyosun||Honorary||King: 1728, Queen: 1751, 1776 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|02 Paju Jangneung||Jangneung (長陵)||King Injo and Queen Innyeol (Injo's 1st Queen)||16||1731 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|03 Gimpo Jangneung||Jangneung (章陵)||King Wonjong and Queen Inheon||Honorary||King: 1627 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1626, 1632 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|rowspan="5"|04 Goyang Seooerung||Changneung (昌陵)||King Yejong and Queen Ansun (Yejong's 2nd Queen)||08||King: 1470, Queen: 1499||Two ridge
|-
|Gyeongneung (敬陵)||King Deokjong and Queen Sohye||Honorary||King: 1457, Queen: 1504||Two ridge
|-
|Myeongneung (明陵)||King Sukjong and Queen Inheon (Sukjong's 2nd Queen); Queen Inwon (Sukjong's 3rd Queen)||19||King: 1720, 2nd Queen: 1701, 3rd Queen: 1757||Two ridge (Twin and single)
|-
|Ingneung (翼陵)||Queen Ingyeong (Sukjong's 1st Queen)||19||1680||Single
|-
|Hongneung (弘陵)||Queen Jeongseong (Yeongjo's 1st Queen)||21||1757||Single
|-
|05 Yangju Onneung||Onneung (溫陵)||Queen Dangyeong (Jungjong's 1st Queen)||11||1557, 1739 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="3"|06 Goyang Seosamneung||Huireung (禧陵)||Queen Janggyeong (Jungjong's 2nd Queen)||11||1537 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|Hyoreung (孝陵)||King Injong and Queen Injeong||12||King: 1545, Queen: 1578||Twin
|-
|Yereung (睿陵)||King Cheoljong and Queen Cheorin||25||King: 1864, Queen: 1878||Twin
|-
|07 Seong Jeongneung||Jeongneung (貞陵)||Queen Sindeok (Taejo's 2nd Queen)||01||1409 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|08 Seoul Taereung and Gangneung||Taereung (泰陵)||Queen Munjeong (Jungjong's 3rd Queen)||11||1565||Single
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Myeongjong and Queen Insun||13||King: 1567, Queen: 1575||Twin
|-
|09 Seong Uireung||Uireung(懿陵)||King Gyeongjong and Queen Seonui (Gyeongjong's 2nd Queen)||20||King: 1724, Queen: 1730||Upper and lower
|-
|rowspan="9"|10 Guri Donggureung||Geonweonneung (健元陵)||King Taejo||01||1408||Single
|-
|Hyeongneung(顯陵)||King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok||05||King: 1452, Queen: 1513 (Moved to current site)||Two ridge
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Seonjo, Queen Uiin (Seonjo's 1st Queen), and Queen Inmok (Seonjo's 2nd Queen)||14||King: 1630 (Moved to current site), 1st Queen: 1600, 2nd Queen: 1632||Two ridge
|-
|Hwireung (徽陵)||Queen Jangnyeol (Injo's 2nd Queen)||16||1688||Single
|-
|Sungneung (崇陵)||King Hyeonjong and Queen Myeongseong||18||King: 1674, Queen: 1684||Twin
|-
|Hyereung (惠陵)||Queen Danui (Gyeongjong's 1st Queen)||20||1718, 1720 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Wonneung (元陵)||King Yeongjo and Queen Jeongsun (Yeongjo's 2nd Queen)||21||King: 1776, Queen: 1805||Twin
|-
|Sureung (綏陵)||King Munjo and Queen Sinjeong||Honorary||King: 1855 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1890||Double
|-
|Gyeongreung (景陵)||King Heonjong, Queen Hyohyeon (Heonjong's 1st Queen), and Queen Hyojeong (Heonjong's 2nd Queen)||24||King: 1849, 1st Queen: 1843, 2nd Queen: 1904||Triplet
|-
|rowspan="2"|11 Seoul Seonneung and Jeongneung||Seonneung (宣陵)||King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon (Seongjong's 2nd Queen)||09||King: 1495, Queen: 1530||Two ridge
|-
|Jeongneung (靖陵)||King Jungjong||11||1562 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|12 Seoul Heonneung and Inneung||Heonneung (獻陵)||King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong||03||King: 1422, Queen: 1420||Twin
|-
|Inneung (仁陵)||King Sunjo and Queen Sunwon||23||King: 1856 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1857||Double
|-
|13 Namyangju Gwangneung||Gwangneung (光陵)||King Sejo and Queen Jeonghui||07||King: 1468, Queen: 1483||Two ridge
|-
|14 Namyangju Sareung||Sareung (思陵)||Queen Jeongsun (Danjong's Queen)||06||1531, 1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|15 Namyangju Hongneung and Yureung||Hongneung (洪陵)||Emperor Gojong and Empress Myeongseong||26||Emperor: 1919, Empress: 1919 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|Yureung (裕陵)||Emperor Sunjong, Empress Sunmyeong (Sunjong's 1st Empress), Empress Sunjeong (Sunjong's 2nd Empress)||27||Emperor: 1926, 1st Empress: 1926 (Moved to current site), 2nd Empress: 1966||Double
|-
|rowspan="2"|16 Hwaseong Yungneung and Geonneung||Yungneung (隆陵)||King Jangjo and Queen Heongyeong||Honorary||King: 1789 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1815, 1899 (Invested as royal tomb)||Double
|-
|Geonneung(健陵)||King Jeongjo and Queen Hyoui||22||King: 1821 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1821||Double
|-
|rowspan="2"|17 Yeoju Yeongneung and Yeongneung||Yeongneung (英陵)||King Sejong and Queen Soheon||04||1469 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|Yeongneung (寧陵)||King Hyojong and Queen Inseon||17||King: 1673 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1674||Upper and lower
|-
|18 Yeongwol Jangneung||Jangneung (莊陵)||King Danjong||06||1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|Located in Present-day North Korea||Jereung (齊陵)||Queen Sinui (Taejo's 1st Queen)||01||1391, 1392 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Hureung (厚陵)||King Jeongjong and Queen Jeongan||02||King: 1420, Queen: 1412||Twin
|-
|rowspan="2"|Misc.||Tomb of Yeonsangun||King Yeonsangun and Queen Geochang||10||King: 1512 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1537||Twin
|-
|Tomb of Gwanghaegun||King Gwanghaegun and Queen Munseong||15||King: 1641, Queen: 1623||Twin
|}

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 56-71.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T02:34:30Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉
}}

The Joseon royal tombs are a collection of 40 tombs built from 1408 to 1966 in which 27 generations of Joseon kings and queens are buried. They have been well preserved and demonstrate Confucian values, funerary culture, geomancy, and architecture of the Joseon dynasty. They were selected as a UNESCO World Heritage in 2013.

Tombs played an important role in Joseon society, which was based on Confucianism. Ancestral rituals, which honored the dead, were held multiple times a year. The spirits of the deceased were believed to come back to their tombs during these rituals, and therefore, the tombs needed to be located in auspicious and beautiful locations and maintained in good condition in order to please the spirits. This was more so the case for royal tombs.

The royal tombs are located some distance outside the walls of the Joseon capital, Hanyang, but still within Gyeonggi-do Province (with one exception - the tomb of King Danjong in Yeongwol, Gangwon-do). Their locations were selected based on geomancy – in remote areas with mountains to the back and sides and flowing water to the front. The mound-shaped tombs were located atop a hill and surrounded by trees to protect them from the elements. There are various kinds of tombs styles which were chosen in harmony with the surrounding environment: single tomb (a single mound for a king or queen), twin tomb (king next to queen), triplet tomb (king and two queens), double tomb (king and queen buried in same mound), or two ridge tomb (tombs on adjacent hills sharing a ritual house), and upper and lower tombs (two tombs with one located higher up on the hill than the other). Each tomb has its own name ending in “-''neung''” or “-''reung'',” which means “royal tomb."

A royal tomb has two sections: the burial area and the ritual area. The burial area is located in the back of the complex on a hill, while the ritual area is located in the front, below the hill. The burial area includes the burial mound, a stone platform, a stone lantern, and stone figures of various animals, all surrounded by a low wall in the back and sides. Just below this are two rows of stone statues of civil and military officials and their horses. The ritual area includes a spiked, red entrance gate, a T-shaped ritual house, and various auxiliary buildings. The ritual house has a window along its back wall, through which the burial area can be seen as someone performs a ritual bow.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-20.건원릉(동구릉)-0138.jpg|Geongwonneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.경릉-동구릉.jpg|Gyeongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.목릉(동구릉)- 0113.jpg|Mongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.수릉(동구릉)-DSC_0323.jpg|Sureung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.광릉-석상.jpg|Stone Statues at Gwangneung Royal Tomb (Gwangneungsumonkwon-ro, Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.선릉(선정릉(성종)-0049.jpg|Seonneung Royall Tomb (100-gil, Seonneung-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul)
File:3-20.파주장릉-1788.jpg|Ancestral Ritual Offerings at Jangneung Royal Tomb (Jangneung-ro, Tanhyeon-myeon, Paju, gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.헌릉1.jpg|Ancestral Ritual at Heonneung Royal Tomb (Heoninneung-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

===Locations of the Royal Tombs===
<gallery mode=packed heights=400px>
File:045(E).jpg|Locations of Joseon Royal Tombs
</gallery>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; background:white; text-align:left;"
!style="width:15%;"|Number||style="width:10%;"|Name||style="width:30%;"|Entombed Person(s)||style="width:5%;"|Generation||style="width:30%;"|Date of Construction||style="width:10%;"|Type
|-
|rowspan="3"|01 Paju Samneung||Gongneung (恭陵)||Queen Jangsun (Yejong's 1st Queen)||08||1461, 1471 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Sunneung (順陵)||Queen Gonghye (Seongjong's 1st Queen)||09||1474||Single
|-
|Yeongneung (永陵)||King Jinjo and Queen Hyosun||Honorary||King: 1728, Queen: 1751, 1776 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|02 Paju Jangneung||Jangneung (長陵)||King Injo and Queen Innyeol (Injo's 1st Queen)||16||1731 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|03 Gimpo Jangneung||Jangneung (章陵)||King Wonjong and Queen Inheon||Honorary||King: 1627 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1626, 1632 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|rowspan="5"|04 Goyang Seooerung||Changneung (昌陵)||King Yejong and Queen Ansun (Yejong's 2nd Queen)||08||King: 1470, Queen: 1499||Two ridge
|-
|Gyeongneung (敬陵)||King Deokjong and Queen Sohye||Honorary||King: 1457, Queen: 1504||Two ridge
|-
|Myeongneung (明陵)||King Sukjong and Queen Inheon (Sukjong's 2nd Queen); Queen Inwon (Sukjong's 3rd Queen)||19||King: 1720, 2nd Queen: 1701, 3rd Queen: 1757||Two ridge (Double and single)
|-
|Ingneung (翼陵)||Queen Ingyeong (Sukjong's 1st Queen)||19||1680||Single
|-
|Hongneung (弘陵)||Queen Jeongseong (Yeongjo's 1st Queen)||21||1757||Single
|-
|05 Yangju Onneung||Onneung (溫陵)||Queen Dangyeong (Jungjong's 1st Queen)||11||1557, 1739 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="3"|06 Goyang Seosamneung||Huireung (禧陵)||Queen Janggyeong (Jungjong's 2nd Queen)||11||1537 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|Hyoreung (孝陵)||King Injong and Queen Injeong||12||King: 1545, Queen: 1578||Twin
|-
|Yereung (睿陵)||King Cheoljong and Queen Cheorin||25||King: 1864, Queen: 1878||Twin
|-
|07 Seong Jeongneung||Jeongneung (貞陵)||Queen Sindeok (Taejo's 2nd Queen)||01||1409 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|08 Seoul Taereung and Gangneung||Taereung (泰陵)||Queen Munjeong (Jungjong's 3rd Queen)||11||1565||Single
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Myeongjong and Queen Insun||13||King: 1567, Queen: 1575||Twin
|-
|09 Seong Uireung||Uireung(懿陵)||King Gyeongjong and Queen Seonui (Gyeongjong's 2nd Queen)||20||King: 1724, Queen: 1730||Upper and lower
|-
|rowspan="9"|10 Guri Donggureung||Geonweonneung (健元陵)||King Taejo||01||1408||Single
|-
|Hyeongneung(顯陵)||King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok||05||King: 1452, Queen: 1513 (Moved to current site)||Two ridge
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Seonjo, Queen Uiin (Seonjo's 1st Queen), and Queen Inmok (Seonjo's 2nd Queen)||14||King: 1630 (Moved to current site), 1st Queen: 1600, 2nd Queen: 1632||Two ridge
|-
|Hwireung (徽陵)||Queen Jangnyeol (Injo's 2nd Queen)||16||1688||Single
|-
|Sungneung (崇陵)||King Hyeonjong and Queen Myeongseong||18||King: 1674, Queen: 1684||Twin
|-
|Hyereung (惠陵)||Queen Danui (Gyeongjong's 1st Queen)||20||1718, 1720 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Wonneung (元陵)||King Yeongjo and Queen Jeongsun (Yeongjo's 2nd Queen)||21||King: 1776, Queen: 1805||Twin
|-
|Sureung (綏陵)||King Munjo and Queen Sinjeong||Honorary||King: 1855 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1890||Double
|-
|Gyeongreung (景陵)||King Heonjong, Queen Hyohyeon (Heonjong's 1st Queen), and Queen Hyojeong (Heonjong's 2nd Queen)||24||King: 1849, 1st Queen: 1843, 2nd Queen: 1904||Triplet
|-
|rowspan="2"|11 Seoul Seonneung and Jeongneung||Seonneung (宣陵)||King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon (Seongjong's 2nd Queen)||09||King: 1495, Queen: 1530||Two ridge
|-
|Jeongneung (靖陵)||King Jungjong||11||1562 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|12 Seoul Heonneung and Inneung||Heonneung (獻陵)||King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong||03||King: 1422, Queen: 1420||Twin
|-
|Inneung (仁陵)||King Sunjo and Queen Sunwon||23||King: 1856 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1857||Double
|-
|13 Namyangju Gwangneung||Gwangneung (光陵)||King Sejo and Queen Jeonghui||07||King: 1468, Queen: 1483||Two ridge
|-
|14 Namyangju Sareung||Sareung (思陵)||Queen Jeongsun (Danjong's Queen)||06||1531, 1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|15 Namyangju Hongneung and Yureung||Hongneung (洪陵)||Emperor Gojong and Empress Myeongseong||26||Emperor: 1919, Empress: 1919 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|Yureung (裕陵)||Emperor Sunjong, Empress Sunmyeong (Sunjong's 1st Empress), Empress Sunjeong (Sunjong's 2nd Empress)||27||Emperor: 1926, 1st Empress: 1926 (Moved to current site), 2nd Empress: 1966||Double
|-
|rowspan="2"|16 Hwaseong Yungneung and Geonneung||Yungneung (隆陵)||King Jangjo and Queen Heongyeong||Honorary||King: 1789 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1815, 1899 (Invested as royal tomb)||Double
|-
|Geonneung(健陵)||King Jeongjo and Queen Hyoui||22||King: 1821 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1821||Double
|-
|rowspan="2"|17 Yeoju Yeongneung and Yeongneung||Yeongneung (英陵)||King Sejong and Queen Soheon||04||1469 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|Yeongneung (寧陵)||King Hyojong and Queen Inseon||17||King: 1673 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1674||Upper and lower
|-
|18 Yeongwol Jangneung||Jangneung (莊陵)||King Danjong||06||1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|Located in Present-day North Korea||Jereung (齊陵)||Queen Sinui (Taejo's 1st Queen)||01||1391, 1392 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Hureung (厚陵)||King Jeongjong and Queen Jeongan||02||King: 1420, Queen: 1412||Twin
|-
|rowspan="2"|Misc.||Tomb of Yeonsangun||King Yeonsangun and Queen Geochang||10||King: 1512 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1537||Twin
|-
|Tomb of Gwanghaegun||King Gwanghaegun and Queen Munseong||15||King: 1641, Queen: 1623||Twin
|}

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 56-71.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T02:31:16Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉
}}

The Joseon royal tombs are a collection of 40 tombs built from 1408 to 1966 in which 27 generations of Joseon kings and queens are buried. They have been well preserved and demonstrate Confucian values, funerary culture, geomancy, and architecture of the Joseon dynasty. They were selected as a UNESCO World Heritage in 2013.

Tombs played an important role in Joseon society, which was based on Confucianism. Ancestral rituals, which honored the dead, were held multiple times a year. The spirits of the deceased were believed to come back to their tombs during these rituals, and therefore, the tombs needed to be located in auspicious and beautiful locations and maintained in good condition in order to please the spirits. This was more so the case for royal tombs.

The royal tombs are located some distance outside the walls of the Joseon capital, Hanyang, but still within Gyeonggi-do Province (with one exception - the tomb of King Danjong in Yeongwol, Gangwon-do). Their locations were selected based on geomancy – in remote areas with mountains to the back and sides and flowing water to the front. The mound-shaped tombs were located atop a hill and surrounded by trees to protect them from the elements. There are various kinds of tombs styles which were chosen in harmony with the surrounding environment: single tomb (a single mound for a king or queen), twin tomb (king next to queen), triplet tomb (king and two queens), double tomb (king and queen buried in same mound), or two ridge tomb (tombs on adjacent hills sharing a ritual house), and upper and lower tombs (two tombs with one located higher up on the hill than the other). Each tomb has its own name ending in “-''neung''” or “-''reung'',” which means “royal tomb."

A royal tomb has two sections: the burial area and the ritual area. The burial area is located in the back of the complex on a hill, while the ritual area is located in the front, below the hill. The burial area includes the burial mound, a stone platform, a stone lantern, and stone figures of various animals, all surrounded by a low wall in the back and sides. Just below this are two rows of stone statues of civil and military officials and their horses. The ritual area includes a spiked, red entrance gate, a T-shaped ritual house, and various auxiliary buildings. The ritual house has a window along its back wall, through which the burial area can be seen as someone performs a ritual bow.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-20.건원릉(동구릉)-0138.jpg|Geongwonneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.경릉-동구릉.jpg|Gyeongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.목릉(동구릉)- 0113.jpg|Mongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.수릉(동구릉)-DSC_0323.jpg|Sureung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.광릉-석상.jpg|Stone Statues at Gwangneung Royal Tomb (Gwangneungsumonkwon-ro, Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.선릉(선정릉(성종)-0049.jpg|Seonneung Royall Tomb (100-gil, Seonneung-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul)
File:3-20.파주장릉-1788.jpg|Ancestral Ritual Offerings at Jangneung Royal Tomb (Jangneung-ro, Tanhyeon-myeon, Paju, gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.헌릉1.jpg|Ancestral Ritual at Heonneung Royal Tomb (Heoninneung-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

===Locations of the Royal Tombs===
<gallery mode=packed heights=400px>
File:045(E).jpg|Locations of Joseon Royal Tombs
</gallery>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; background:white; text-align:left;"
!style="width:15%;"|Number||style="width:10%;"|Name||style="width:30%;"|Entombed Person(s)||style="width:5%;"|Generation||style="width:30%;"|Date of Construction||style="width:10%;"|Type
|-
|rowspan="3"|01 Paju Samneung||Gongneung (恭陵)||Queen Jangsun (Yejong's 1st Queen)||08||1461, 1471 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Sunneung (順陵)||Queen Gonghye (Seongjong's 1st Queen)||09||1474||Single
|-
|Yeongneung (永陵)||King Jinjo and Queen Hyosun||Honorary||King: 1728, Queen: 1751, 1776 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|02 Paju Jangneung||Jangneung (長陵)||King Injo and Queen Innyeol (Injo's 1st Queen)||16||1731 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|03 Gimpo Jangneung||Jangneung (章陵)||King Wonjong and Queen Inheon||Honorary||King: 1627 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1626, 1632 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|rowspan="5"|04 Goyang Seooerung||Changneung (昌陵)||King Yejong and Queen Ansun (Yejong's 2nd Queen)||08||King: 1470, Queen: 1499||Two ridge
|-
|Gyeongneung (敬陵)||King Deokjong and Queen Sohye||Honorary||King: 1457, Queen: 1504||Two ridge
|-
|Myeongneung (明陵)||King Sukjong, Queen Inheon (Sukjong's 2nd Queen), and Queen Inwon (Sukjong's 3rd Queen)||19||King: 1720, 2nd Queen: 1701, 3rd Queen: 1757||Two ridge
|-
|Ingneung (翼陵)||Queen Ingyeong (Sukjong's 1st Queen)||19||1680||Single
|-
|Hongneung (弘陵)||Queen Jeongseong (Yeongjo's 1st Queen)||21||1757||Single
|-
|05 Yangju Onneung||Onneung (溫陵)||Queen Dangyeong (Jungjong's 1st Queen)||11||1557, 1739 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="3"|06 Goyang Seosamneung||Huireung (禧陵)||Queen Janggyeong (Jungjong's 2nd Queen)||11||1537 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|Hyoreung (孝陵)||King Injong and Queen Injeong||12||King: 1545, Queen: 1578||Twin
|-
|Yereung (睿陵)||King Cheoljong and Queen Cheorin||25||King: 1864, Queen: 1878||Twin
|-
|07 Seong Jeongneung||Jeongneung (貞陵)||Queen Sindeok (Taejo's 2nd Queen)||01||1409 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|08 Seoul Taereung and Gangneung||Taereung (泰陵)||Queen Munjeong (Jungjong's 3rd Queen)||11||1565||Single
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Myeongjong and Queen Insun||13||King: 1567, Queen: 1575||Twin
|-
|09 Seong Uireung||Uireung(懿陵)||King Gyeongjong and Queen Seonui (Gyeongjong's 2nd Queen)||20||King: 1724, Queen: 1730||Upper and lower
|-
|rowspan="9"|10 Guri Donggureung||Geonweonneung (健元陵)||King Taejo||01||1408||Single
|-
|Hyeongneung(顯陵)||King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok||05||King: 1452, Queen: 1513 (Moved to current site)||Two ridge
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Seonjo, Queen Uiin (Seonjo's 1st Queen), and Queen Inmok (Seonjo's 2nd Queen)||14||King: 1630 (Moved to current site), 1st Queen: 1600, 2nd Queen: 1632||Two ridge
|-
|Hwireung (徽陵)||Queen Jangnyeol (Injo's 2nd Queen)||16||1688||Single
|-
|Sungneung (崇陵)||King Hyeonjong and Queen Myeongseong||18||King: 1674, Queen: 1684||Twin
|-
|Hyereung (惠陵)||Queen Danui (Gyeongjong's 1st Queen)||20||1718, 1720 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Wonneung (元陵)||King Yeongjo and Queen Jeongsun (Yeongjo's 2nd Queen)||21||King: 1776, Queen: 1805||Twin
|-
|Sureung (綏陵)||King Munjo and Queen Sinjeong||Honorary||King: 1855 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1890||Double
|-
|Gyeongreung (景陵)||King Heonjong, Queen Hyohyeon (Heonjong's 1st Queen), and Queen Hyojeong (Heonjong's 2nd Queen)||24||King: 1849, 1st Queen: 1843, 2nd Queen: 1904||Triplet
|-
|rowspan="2"|11 Seoul Seonneung and Jeongneung||Seonneung (宣陵)||King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon (Seongjong's 2nd Queen)||09||King: 1495, Queen: 1530||Two ridge
|-
|Jeongneung (靖陵)||King Jungjong||11||1562 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|12 Seoul Heonneung and Inneung||Heonneung (獻陵)||King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong||03||King: 1422, Queen: 1420||Twin
|-
|Inneung (仁陵)||King Sunjo and Queen Sunwon||23||King: 1856 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1857||Double
|-
|13 Namyangju Gwangneung||Gwangneung (光陵)||King Sejo and Queen Jeonghui||07||King: 1468, Queen: 1483||Two ridge
|-
|14 Namyangju Sareung||Sareung (思陵)||Queen Jeongsun (Danjong's Queen)||06||1531, 1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|15 Namyangju Hongneung and Yureung||Hongneung (洪陵)||Emperor Gojong and Empress Myeongseong||26||Emperor: 1919, Empress: 1919 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|Yureung (裕陵)||Emperor Sunjong, Empress Sunmyeong (Sunjong's 1st Empress), Empress Sunjeong (Sunjong's 2nd Empress)||27||Emperor: 1926, 1st Empress: 1926 (Moved to current site), 2nd Empress: 1966||Double
|-
|rowspan="2"|16 Hwaseong Yungneung and Geonneung||Yungneung (隆陵)||King Jangjo and Queen Heongyeong||Honorary||King: 1789 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1815, 1899 (Invested as royal tomb)||Double
|-
|Geonneung(健陵)||King Jeongjo and Queen Hyoui||22||King: 1821 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1821||Double
|-
|rowspan="2"|17 Yeoju Yeongneung and Yeongneung||Yeongneung (英陵)||King Sejong and Queen Soheon||04||1469 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|Yeongneung (寧陵)||King Hyojong and Queen Inseon||17||King: 1673 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1674||Upper and lower
|-
|18 Yeongwol Jangneung||Jangneung (莊陵)||King Danjong||06||1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|Located in Present-day North Korea||Jereung (齊陵)||Queen Sinui (Taejo's 1st Queen)||01||1391, 1392 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Hureung (厚陵)||King Jeongjong and Queen Jeongan||02||King: 1420, Queen: 1412||Twin
|-
|rowspan="2"|Misc.||Tomb of Yeonsangun||King Yeonsangun and Queen Geochang||10||King: 1512 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1537||Twin
|-
|Tomb of Gwanghaegun||King Gwanghaegun and Queen Munseong||15||King: 1641, Queen: 1623||Twin
|}

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 56-71.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T02:27:47Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉
}}

The Joseon royal tombs are a collection of 40 tombs built from 1408 to 1966 in which 27 generations of Joseon kings and queens are buried. They have been well preserved and demonstrate Confucian values, funerary culture, geomancy, and architecture of the Joseon dynasty. They were selected as a UNESCO World Heritage in 2013.

Tombs played an important role in Joseon society, which was based on Confucianism. Ancestral rituals, which honored the dead, were held multiple times a year. The spirits of the deceased were believed to come back to their tombs during these rituals, and therefore, the tombs needed to be located in auspicious and beautiful locations and maintained in good condition in order to please the spirits. This was more so the case for royal tombs.

The royal tombs are located some distance outside the walls of the Joseon capital, Hanyang, but still within Gyeonggi-do Province (with one exception - the tomb of King Danjong in Yeongwol, Gangwon-do). Their locations were selected based on geomancy – in remote areas with mountains to the back and sides and flowing water to the front. The mound-shaped tombs were located atop a hill and surrounded by trees to protect them from the elements. There are various kinds of tombs styles which were chosen in harmony with the surrounding environment: single tomb (a single mound for a king or queen), twin tomb (king next to queen), triplet tomb (king and two queens), double tomb (king and queen buried in same mound), or two ridge tomb (tombs on adjacent hills sharing a ritual house), and upper and lower tombs (two tombs with one located higher up on the hill than the other). Each tomb has its own name ending in “-''neung''” or “-''reung'',” which means “royal tomb."

A royal tomb has two sections: the burial area and the ritual area. The burial area is located in the back of the complex on a hill, while the ritual area is located in the front, below the hill. The burial area includes the burial mound, a stone platform, a stone lantern, and stone figures of various animals, all surrounded by a low wall in the back and sides. Just below this are two rows of stone statues of civil and military officials and their horses. The ritual area includes a spiked, red entrance gate, a T-shaped ritual house, and various auxiliary buildings. The ritual house has a window along its back wall, through which the burial area can be seen as someone performs a ritual bow.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-20.건원릉(동구릉)-0138.jpg|Geongwonneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.경릉-동구릉.jpg|Gyeongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.목릉(동구릉)- 0113.jpg|Mongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.수릉(동구릉)-DSC_0323.jpg|Sureung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.광릉-석상.jpg|Stone Statues at Gwangneung Royal Tomb (Gwangneungsumonkwon-ro, Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.선릉(선정릉(성종)-0049.jpg|Seonneung Royall Tomb (100-gil, Seonneung-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul)
File:3-20.파주장릉-1788.jpg|Ancestral Ritual Offerings at Jangneung Royal Tomb (Jangneung-ro, Tanhyeon-myeon, Paju, gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.헌릉1.jpg|Ancestral Ritual at Heonneung Royal Tomb (Heoninneung-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

===Locations of the Royal Tombs===
<gallery mode=packed heights=400px>
File:045(E).jpg|Locations of Joseon Royal Tombs
</gallery>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; background:white; text-align:left;"
!style="width:15%;"|Number||style="width:10%;"|Name||style="width:30%;"|Entombed Person(s)||style="width:5%;"|Generation||style="width:30%;"|Date of Construction||style="width:10%;"|Type
|-
|rowspan="3"|01 Paju Samneung||Gongneung (恭陵)||Queen Jangsun (Yejong's 1st Queen)||08||1461, 1471 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Sunneung (順陵)||Queen Gonghye (Seongjong's 1st Queen)||09||1474||Single
|-
|Yeongneung (永陵)||King Jinjo and Queen Hyosun||Honorary||King: 1728, Queen: 1751, 1776 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|02 Paju Jangneung||Jangneung (長陵)||King Injo and Queen Innyeol (Injo's 1st Queen)||16||1731 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|03 Gimpo Jangneung||Jangneung (章陵)||King Wonjong and Queen Inheon||Honorary||King: 1627 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1626, 1632 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|rowspan="5"|04 Goyang Seooerung||Changneung (昌陵)||King Yejong and Queen Ansun (Yejong's 2nd Queen)||08||King: 1470, Queen: 1499||Two ridge
|-
|Gyeongneung (敬陵)||King Deokjong and Queen Sohye||Honorary||King: 1457, Queen: 1504||Two ridge
|-
|Myeongneung (明陵)||King Sukjong, Queen Inheon (Sukjong's 2nd Queen), and Queen Inwon (Sukjong's 3rd Queen)||19||sukjong: 1720, Inheon: 1701, Inwon: 1757||Two ridge
|-
|Ingneung (翼陵)||Queen Ingyeong (Sukjong's 1st Queen)||19||1680||Single
|-
|Hongneung (弘陵)||Queen Jeongseong (Yeongjo's 1st Queen)||21||1757||Single
|-
|05 Yangju Onneung||Onneung (溫陵)||Queen Dangyeong (Jungjong's 1st Queen)||11||1557, 1739 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="3"|06 Goyang Seosamneung||Huireung (禧陵)||Queen Janggyeong (Jungjong's 2nd Queen)||11||1537 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|Hyoreung (孝陵)||King Injong and Queen Injeong||12||King: 1545, Queen: 1578||Twin
|-
|Yereung (睿陵)||King Cheoljong and Queen Cheorin||25||King: 1864, Queen: 1878||Twin
|-
|07 Seong Jeongneung||Jeongneung (貞陵)||Queen Sindeok (Taejo's 2nd Queen)||01||1409 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|08 Seoul Taereung and Gangneung||Taereung (泰陵)||Queen Munjeong (Jungjong's 3rd Queen)||11||1565||Single
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Myeongjong and Queen Insun||13||King: 1567, Queen: 1575||Twin
|-
|09 Seong Uireung||Uireung(懿陵)||King Gyeongjong and Queen Seonui (Gyeongjong's 2nd Queen)||20||King: 1724, Queen: 1730||Upper and lower
|-
|rowspan="9"|10 Guri Donggureung||Geonweonneung (健元陵)||King Taejo||01||1408||Single
|-
|Hyeongneung(顯陵)||King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok||05||King: 1452, Queen: 1513 (Moved to current site)||Two ridge
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Seonjo, Queen Uiin (Seonjo's 1st Queen), and Queen Inmok (Seonjo's 2nd Queen)||14||King: 1630 (Moved to current site), Uiin: 1600, Inmok: 1632||Two ridge
|-
|Hwireung (徽陵)||Queen Jangnyeol (Injo's 2nd Queen)||16||1688||Single
|-
|Sungneung (崇陵)||King Hyeonjong and Queen Myeongseong||18||King: 1674, Queen: 1684||Twin
|-
|Hyereung (惠陵)||Queen Danui (Gyeongjong's 1st Queen)||20||1718, 1720 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Wonneung (元陵)||King Yeongjo and Queen Jeongsun (Yeongjo's 2nd Queen)||21||King: 1776, Queen: 1805||Twin
|-
|Sureung (綏陵)||King Munjo and Queen Sinjeong||Honorary||King: 1855 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1890||Double
|-
|Gyeongreung (景陵)||King Heonjong, Queen Hyohyeon (Heonjong's 1st Queen), and Queen Hyojeong (Heonjong's 2nd Queen)||24||King: 1849, Original Queen: 1843, Secondary Queen: 1904||Triplet
|-
|rowspan="2"|11 Seoul Seonneung and Jeongneung||Seonneung (宣陵)||King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon (Seongjon's 2nd Queen)||09||King: 1495, Queen: 1530||Two ridge
|-
|Jeongneung (靖陵)||King Jungjong||11||1562 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|12 Seoul Heonneung and Inneung||Heonneung (獻陵)||King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong||03||King: 1422, Queen: 1420||Twin
|-
|Inneung (仁陵)||King Sunjo and Queen Sunwon||23||King: 1856 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1857||Double
|-
|13 Namyangju Gwangneung||Gwangneung (光陵)||King Sejo and Queen Jeonghui||07||King: 1468, Queen: 1483||Two ridge
|-
|14 Namyangju Sareung||Sareung (思陵)||Queen Jeongsun (Danjong's Queen)||06||1531, 1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|15 Namyangju Hongneung and Yureung||Hongneung (洪陵)||Emperor Gojong and Empress Myeongseong||26||Emperor: 1919, Empress: 1919 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|Yureung (裕陵)||Emperor Sunjong, Empress Sunmyeong (Sunjong's 1st Empress), Empress Sunjeong (Sunjong's 2nd Empress)||27||Emperor: 1926, Original Empress: 1926 (Moved to current site), Secondary Empress: 1966||Double
|-
|rowspan="2"|16 Hwaseong Yungneung and Geonneung||Yungneung (隆陵)||King Jangjo and Queen Heongyeong||Honorary||King: 1789 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1815, 1899 (Invested as royal tomb)||Double
|-
|Geonneung(健陵)||King Jeongjo and Queen Hyoui||22||King: 1821 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1821||Double
|-
|rowspan="2"|17 Yeoju Yeongneung and Yeongneung||Yeongneung (英陵)||King Sejong and Queen Soheon||04||1469 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|Yeongneung (寧陵)||King Hyojong and Queen Inseon||17||King: 1673 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1674||Upper and lower
|-
|18 Yeongwol Jangneung||Jangneung (莊陵)||King Danjong||06||1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|Located in Present-day North Korea||Jereung (齊陵)||Queen Sinui (Taejo's 1st Queen)||01||1391, 1392 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Hureung (厚陵)||King Jeongjong and Queen Jeongan||02||King: 1420, Queen: 1412||Twin
|-
|rowspan="2"|Misc.||Tomb of Yeonsangun||King Yeonsangun and Queen Geochang||10||King: 1512 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1537||Twin
|-
|Tomb of Gwanghaegun||King Gwanghaegun and Queen Munseong||15||King: 1641, Queen: 1623||Twin
|}

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 56-71.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T02:22:35Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉
}}

The Joseon royal tombs are a collection of 40 tombs built from 1408 to 1966 in which 27 generations of Joseon kings and queens are buried. They have been well preserved and demonstrate Confucian values, funerary culture, geomancy, and architecture of the Joseon dynasty. They were selected as a UNESCO World Heritage in 2013.

Tombs played an important role in Joseon society, which was based on Confucianism. Ancestral rituals, which honored the dead, were held multiple times a year. The spirits of the deceased were believed to come back to their tombs during these rituals, and therefore, the tombs needed to be located in auspicious and beautiful locations and maintained in good condition in order to please the spirits. This was more so the case for royal tombs.

The royal tombs are located some distance outside the walls of the Joseon capital, Hanyang, but still within Gyeonggi-do Province (with one exception - the tomb of King Danjong in Yeongwol, Gangwon-do). Their locations were selected based on geomancy – in remote areas with mountains to the back and sides and flowing water to the front. The mound-shaped tombs were located atop a hill and surrounded by trees to protect them from the elements. There are various kinds of tombs styles which were chosen in harmony with the surrounding environment: single tomb (a single mound for a king or queen), twin tomb (king next to queen), triplet tomb (king and two queens), double tomb (king and queen buried in same mound), or two ridge tomb (tombs on adjacent hills sharing a ritual house), and upper and lower tombs (two tombs with one located higher up on the hill than the other). Each tomb has its own name ending in “-''neung''” or “-''reung'',” which means “royal tomb."

A royal tomb has two sections: the burial area and the ritual area. The burial area is located in the back of the complex on a hill, while the ritual area is located in the front, below the hill. The burial area includes the burial mound, a stone platform, a stone lantern, and stone figures of various animals, all surrounded by a low wall in the back and sides. Just below this are two rows of stone statues of civil and military officials and their horses. The ritual area includes a spiked, red entrance gate, a T-shaped ritual house, and various auxiliary buildings. The ritual house has a window along its back wall, through which the burial area can be seen as someone performs a ritual bow.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-20.건원릉(동구릉)-0138.jpg|Geongwonneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.경릉-동구릉.jpg|Gyeongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.목릉(동구릉)- 0113.jpg|Mongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.수릉(동구릉)-DSC_0323.jpg|Sureung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.광릉-석상.jpg|Stone Statues at Gwangneung Royal Tomb (Gwangneungsumonkwon-ro, Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.선릉(선정릉(성종)-0049.jpg|Seonneung Royall Tomb (100-gil, Seonneung-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul)
File:3-20.파주장릉-1788.jpg|Ancestral Ritual Offerings at Jangneung Royal Tomb (Jangneung-ro, Tanhyeon-myeon, Paju, gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.헌릉1.jpg|Ancestral Ritual at Heonneung Royal Tomb (Heoninneung-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

===Locations of the Royal Tombs===
<gallery mode=packed heights=400px>
File:045(E).jpg|Locations of Joseon Royal Tombs
</gallery>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; background:white; text-align:left;"
!style="width:15%;"|Number||style="width:10%;"|Name||style="width:30%;"|Entombed Person(s)||style="width:5%;"|Generation||style="width:30%;"|Date of Construction||style="width:10%;"|Type
|-
|rowspan="3"|01 Paju Samneung||Gongneung (恭陵)||Queen Jangsun (Yejong's Original Queen)||08||1461, 1471 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Sunneung (順陵)||Queen Gonghye (Seongjong's Original Queen)||09||1474||Single
|-
|Yeongneung (永陵)||King Jinjo and Queen Hyosun||Honorary||King: 1728, Queen: 1751, 1776 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|02 Paju Jangneung||Jangneung (長陵)||King Injo and Queen Innyeol (Main)||16||1731 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|03 Gimpo Jangneung||Jangneung (章陵)||King Wonjong and Queen Inheon||Honorary||King: 1627 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1626, 1632 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin
|-
|rowspan="5"|04 Goyang Seooerung||Changneung (昌陵)||King Yejong and Queen Ansun (Secondary)||08||King: 1470, Queen: 1499||Two ridge
|-
|Gyeongneung (敬陵)||King Deokjong and Queen Sohye||Honorary||King: 1457, Queen: 1504||Two ridge
|-
|Myeongneung (明陵)||Sukjong, Queen Inheon (1st Secondary), and Queen Inwon (2nd Secondary)||19||King: 1720, 1st Secondary Queen: 1701, 2nd Secondary Queen: 1757||Two ridge
|-
|Ingneung (翼陵)||Queen Ingyeong (Sukjong's Original Queen)||19||1680||Single
|-
|Hongneung (弘陵)||Queen Jeongseong (Yeongjo's Original Queen)||21||1757||Single
|-
|05 Yangju Onneung||Onneung (溫陵)||Queen Dangyeong (Jungjong's Original Queen)||11||1557, 1739 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="3"|06 Goyang Seosamneung||Huireung (禧陵)||Queen Janggyeong (Jungjong's 1st Secondary Queen)||11||1537 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|Hyoreung (孝陵)||King Injong and Queen Injeong||12||King: 1545, Queen: 1578||Twin
|-
|Yereung (睿陵)||King Cheoljong and Queen Cheorin||25||King: 1864, Queen: 1878||Twin
|-
|07 Seong Jeongneung||Jeongneung (貞陵)||Queen Sindeok (Taejo's Secondary Queen)||01||1409 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|08 Seoul Taereung and Gangneung||Taereung (泰陵)||Queen Munjeong (Jungjong's 2nd Secondary Queen)||11||1565||Single
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Myeongjong and Queen Insun||13||King: 1567, Queen: 1575||Twin
|-
|09 Seong Uireung||Uireung(懿陵)||King Gyeongjong and Queen Seonui (Secondary)||20||King: 1724, Queen: 1730||Upper and lower
|-
|rowspan="9"|10 Guri Donggureung||Geonweonneung (健元陵)||King Taejo||01||1408||Single
|-
|Hyeongneung(顯陵)||King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok||05||King: 1452, Queen: 1513 (Moved to current site)||Two ridge
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Seonjo, Queen Uiin (Original), and Queen Inmok (Secondary)||14||King: 1630 (Moved to current site), Original Queen: 1600, Secondary Queen: 1632||Two ridge
|-
|Hwireung (徽陵)||Queen Jangnyeol (Injo's Secondary Queen)||16||1688||Single
|-
|Sungneung (崇陵)||King Hyeonjong and Queen Myeongseong||18||King: 1674, Queen: 1684||Twin
|-
|Hyereung (惠陵)||Queen Danui (Gyeongjong's Original Queen)||20||1718, 1720 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Wonneung (元陵)||King Yeongjo and Queen Jeongsun (Secondary)||21||King: 1776, Queen: 1805||Twin
|-
|Sureung (綏陵)||King Munjo and Queen Sinjeong||Honorary||King: 1855 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1890||Double
|-
|Gyeongreung (景陵)||King Heonjong, Queen Hyohyeon (Original), and Queen Hyojeong (Secondary)||24||King: 1849, Original Queen: 1843, Secondary Queen: 1904||Triplet
|-
|rowspan="2"|11 Seoul Seonneung and Jeongneung||Seonneung (宣陵)||King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon (Secondary)||09||King: 1495, Queen: 1530||Two ridge
|-
|Jeongneung (靖陵)||King Jungjong||11||1562 (Moved to current site)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|12 Seoul Heonneung and Inneung||Heonneung (獻陵)||King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong||03||King: 1422, Queen: 1420||Twin
|-
|Inneung (仁陵)||King Sunjo and Queen Sunwon||23||King: 1856 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1857||Double
|-
|13 Namyangju Gwangneung||Gwangneung (光陵)||King Sejo and Queen Jeonghui||07||King: 1468, Queen: 1483||Two ridge
|-
|14 Namyangju Sareung||Sareung (思陵)||Queen Jeongsun (Danjong's Queen)||06||1531, 1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|15 Namyangju Hongneung and Yureung||Hongneung (洪陵)||Emperor Gojong and Empress Myeongseong||26||Emperor: 1919, Empress: 1919 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|Yureung (裕陵)||Emperor Sunjong, Empress Sunmyeong (Original), Empress Sunjeong (Secondary)||27||Emperor: 1926, Original Empress: 1926 (Moved to current site), Secondary Empress: 1966||Double
|-
|rowspan="2"|16 Hwaseong Yungneung and Geonneung||Yungneung (隆陵)||King Jangjo and Queen Heongyeong||Honorary||King: 1789 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1815, 1899 (Invested as royal tomb)||Double
|-
|Geonneung(健陵)||King Jeongjo and Queen Hyoui||22||King: 1821 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1821||Double
|-
|rowspan="2"|17 Yeoju Yeongneung and Yeongneung||Yeongneung (英陵)||King Sejong and Queen Soheon||04||1469 (Moved to current site)||Double
|-
|Yeongneung (寧陵)||King Hyojong and Queen Inseon||17||King: 1673 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1674||Upper and lower
|-
|18 Yeongwol Jangneung||Jangneung (莊陵)||King Danjong||06||1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|rowspan="2"|Located in Present-day North Korea||Jereung (齊陵)||Queen Sinui (Taejo's Original Queen)||01||1391, 1392 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single
|-
|Hureung (厚陵)||King Jeongjong and Queen Jeongan||02||King: 1420, Queen: 1412||Twin
|-
|rowspan="2"|Misc.||Tomb of Yeonsangun||King Yeonsangun and Queen Geochang||10||King: 1512 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1537||Twin
|-
|Tomb of Gwanghaegun||King Gwanghaegun and Queen Munseong||15||King: 1641, Queen: 1623||Twin
|}

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 56-71.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

472 Years of History Recorded with Precision - The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T02:14:57Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=조선시대 역사와 문화 연구의 기본 자료, 조선왕조실록
}}

The ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty'', also called the ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty'' or, simply, the ''Sillok'', are a collection of the daily records of 25 kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). The 133,968-page collection – which would take seven years to read at a pace of 50 pages a day – covers nearly every day during the 472 years between the enthronement of Joseon’s founding king, Taejo, in 1392 to the death of its 25th king, Cheoljong, in 1863. The veritable records of Joseon’s final kings, Gojong and Sunjong, are excluded from the official collection as they were manipulated by imperial Japan.

As stated on the [http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records website], "the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty represent a valuable historical resource, the likes of which is hard to find anywhere else in the entire world. The collection is massive in terms of sheer volumes. At the same time the Sillok provides a high diverse range of contemporary data from Joseon covering governance, diplomacy, military affairs, government systems, laws, the economy, industry, transportation, communication, society, customs, astronomy, geography, the principles of Yin and Yang, science, medicine, literature, music, visual arts, handicrafts, scholarship, ideology, ethics, morality and religion.""<ref>National Institute of Korean History, "[http://sillok.history.go.kr/intro/english.do# Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty - Compilation and Management of the Sillok]"</ref>

The practice of compiling daily records of the king began in China and was started in Korea during the Goryeo period (918-1392). Compilation of veritable records was considered a check on a king’s behavior in Confucian society since he knew that his every action would be recorded for future generations to see.

During the reign of a king, eight full-time royal historiographers worked in rotating pairs, recording in detail the contents of all the king’s meetings, activities, and events. Documents from government bureaus, provincial offices, and envoys, information about weather and natural events, obituaries of key officials who had died, and more, would also be collected as reference material. Then, upon the death of a king, a temporary office would be created to oversee the compilation of the Veritable Records for that king. There were various regulations regarding what and how to include in the text, and historiographers would add their own commentary about events and people.

After the Veritable Records of a king were finalized, four copies were made. One copy was kept in the capital, Hanyang, while the other three copies were each sent to a different provincial archive. However, being located in cities made the archives vulnerable to looting and fire, so they were later relocated to remote mountain archives.

The Veritable Records were written in classical Chinese and were therefore difficult for even scholars to read. Therefore, beginning in the 1960s, the Veritable Records were translated into Korean. In the 1990s, the texts were digitized and made available on CD-ROM. Today, the Veritable Records are [http://sillok.history.go.kr/ available online], with search features and footnotes on terminology and historical figures. This has led to a growth of historical movies and dramas based on the events described in the Veritable Records. Projects to translate the Veritable Records into English are also underway.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-21.정조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Jeongjo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
File:3-21.태조실록_Jeonju Historical Museum.jpg|Veritable Records of King Taejo (Jeonju History Museum) / Courtesy of the Korea Tourism Organization (Kim Ji-ho)
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
</gallery>

<youtube description="[The Daily Life of the King through the Chosun Dynasty Annals (K-HERITAGE)]">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiAbg2GP-SA</youtube>

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 86-95.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉

2018-01-10T02:08:54Z

Lyndsey:

{{Eng Article|
|Article=The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty
}}
=='''세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉'''==

===백 리 안의 명당에 자리한 왕릉===
능(陵)은 왕과 왕비의 무덤을 말한다. 조선 왕릉에는 조선 왕조의 27대 왕과 왕비 및 추존된 왕과 왕비들이 묻혀 있다. 왕릉은 그들의 사후 공간이자 왕조를 수호하는 조상신(祖上神)의 신성한 영역으로 여겨졌다. 또 후손 왕들에게는 효로써 마음을 다하면서 혈통과 지위 계승의 영속성을 표하는 성역으로 여겨졌다.

조선 왕릉의 기본 구조는 『[[국조오례의|국조오례의(國朝五禮儀)]]』라는 예법으로 정해져 있었다. 그런데 시대에 따라, 왕이나 왕비의 살아 있을 때, 혹은 세상을 떠났을 때의 상황에 따라, 권력의 정도에 따라, 능의 지형에 따라, 당시 나라의 형편에 따라 다 그 모습이 달라졌다.

왕릉의 가장 중요한 조건은 풍수지리 상 명당이어야 한다는 것이다. 또 왕이 있는 도성에서 약 40킬로미터 안에 위치해야 한다. 왕이 능에 참배를 해야 하는데 하루 안에 돌아올 수 있어야 하기 때문이다. 조선시대에는 왕릉의 자리가 정해지면 주변 약 10㎞ 정도에는 다른 집을 지을 수 없었다. 그곳에 왕릉을 보호하기 위한 소나무들을 심었고 그 나무를 함부로 베어서도 안 되었다.

===신성하면서 예술적인 조형 공간===
원래 조선 왕릉은 모두 42기인데 그 중 북한의 개성에 있는 두 기를 제외한 남한에 있는 40기가 [[세계문화유산]]에 등재되었다.

조선 왕릉은 왕과 왕비의 유택인 능침 공간, 산 자와 죽은 자가 만나는 제향 공간, 산 자들을 위한 진입 공간으로 나뉘어 있다.

가장 높은 곳에 위치한 상계의 능침 공간에는 3면을 곡장으로 둘러싸고 그 안에 봉분을 만들고 떼를 입혔다. 봉분 하단은 화강암 병풍석과 돌난간으로 감쌌다. 봉분 주변에는 석양과 석호, 혼유석, 망주석이 자리한다. 봉분의 한 단 아래인 중계에는 중앙에 장명등이 있고 문석인과 석마가 좌우 한 쌍씩 마주하고 있다. 다시 한 단 아래인 하계에는 무석인과 석마가 좌우 한 쌍씩 있다. 영조 이후에는 중계와 하계의 구분이 없어졌다.

제향 공간은 신성한 곳임을 알리는 [[홍살문]]에서 박석을 깐 참도를 통해 [[정자각]]에 이르는 공간이다. [[정자각]]은 제수를 진설하고 절을 올리는 건물이다. [[정자각]]과 좌우 인접하여 비각과 수복방, 수라간 등이 있다. 진입 공간에는 금천교와 능묘 관리인이 근무하는 재실이 있고, 풍수지리설에 따라 설치한 인공 연못이 있다.

조선 왕릉은 전체 형태나 석물의 예술적 표현에서 고유한 가치를 인정받았다. 검은 박석이 아름답게 놓인 길을 걸어 이르는 [[정자각]]은 절제된 건축 형태로 눈길을 끈다. 이와 함께 각 능마다 모습은 다르지만 높은 예술적 경지를 보여주는 문무석인의 조형 등은 조선 왕릉에서만 볼 수 있는 독특한 요소들이다.

조선 왕릉의 특징 중 눈에 띠는 것은 왕릉이 ‘강(岡)’이라 불리는 언덕 위에 있다는 것이다. 강은 땅 속에 흐르는 생기를 모은 저장 탱크라는 의미와, 왕의 위엄을 보여주는 왕권의 시각적 과시를 위한 장치라는 의미를 지니고 있다. 풍수 이론을 적용하되 자연 지형을 최대한 살리면서 그 조건에 구조물을 맞추어나가는 자연친화적인 방식을 선택한 것도 조선 왕릉의 가치를 더해준다.

===기록과 제례로 계승되는 문화유산===
왕릉을 만드는 과정을 적은 왕릉 관련 기록들도 주목할 만하다. 조선시대에는 임금이 세상을 떠나면 그 자리를 이어받은 새 임금이 의례를 갖추어 전왕의 국장을 치르고 능을 조성한다. 그리고 왕릉을 왕조의 성역이자 역사의 유산으로 남기기 위해 이에 관련한 다양한 기록들을 남겼다. 그 대표적인 것은 [[실록|실록(實錄)]]과 [[의궤|의궤(儀軌)]], [[능지|능지(陵誌)]]이다.

조선시대에 일어난 역사적 사실을 각 왕별로 기록한 [[실록]]에도 왕릉에 관련한 기록이 포함되어 있지만 [[의궤]]와 [[능지]]를 별도로 만들어 왕릉 조성에 대한 기록을 꼼꼼히 남겨두었다. [[의궤]]는 조선시대에 왕실이나 국가의 주요 행사의 내용을 정리한 기록으로, 장례에 관련한 『[[국장도감의궤|국장도감의궤(國葬都監儀軌)]]』, 『[[빈전도감의궤|빈전도감의궤(殯殿都監儀軌)]]』, 『[[산릉도감의궤|산릉도감의궤(山陵都監儀軌)]]』가 있다. 『산릉도감의궤』에는 왕릉 조성을 전후로 논의된 내용, 각종 공문, 건축하는 데 소용된 물품 등이 자세히 기록되어 있다. 또 [[능지]]는 능역을 지키는 시행 지침 또는 규칙을 나열한 절목과 제례를 행할 때의 절차를 적어놓은 기록이다. 이는 능관(陵官)이 업무를 행하는 데 지침서 역할을 해주었다. 이 책에는 능역의 위치 및 건물의 규모, 운영에 필요한 재정적 요소 등도 기록되어 있다.

이런 기록들은 오늘날까지 전해져서 조선시대의 왕실 역사는 물론 제례 문화에 대한 중대한 자료가 되고 있다. 특히 『산릉도감의궤』에는 산릉을 조성하는 공정은 물론 흙을 나르는 데 참여한 단순노역자의 이름까지 기록되어 있어 이 의궤 자체만도 커다란 역사적 가치를 지니고 있다.

조선 왕릉은 [[세계문화유산]] 등재 시, 한 왕조의 왕릉이 고스란히 보존되어 있고 그 후손들이 아직도 제례 등을 통해 물리적 보존은 물론 무형적 문화 전통까지 계승하고 있다는 점에 높은 평가를 받았다. 1910년 일본의 침략으로 조선 왕조가 망한 후 왕릉의 제례를 거행하기 어려웠지만 전주이씨 대동종약원이 제례를 계속 이어와서 지금에까지 이르고 있다.

왕릉에서는 매년 속절제(俗節祭)와 기신제(忌辰祭)를 지낸다. 속절제는 사계절을 대표하는 날인 정월초, 한식, 단오, 추석, 동지, 섣달 그믐과 청명(淸明)날에 지내는 제례이다. 또 기신제는 왕이나 왕비가 세상을 떠난 기일에 지내는 제사이다. 조선시대에는 산릉 제례를 종묘 제례와 사직 대제와 같은 국가 차원의 제사로 정성껏 모셨다.

<gallery mode=packed heights=180px>
파일:3-20.건원릉(동구릉)-0138.jpg|동구릉 건원릉(경기 구리시)
파일:3-20.경릉-동구릉.jpg|동구릉 경릉(경기 구리시)
파일:3-20.광릉-석상.jpg|광릉 석상(경기 남양주시)
파일:3-20.목릉(동구릉)-_0113.jpg|동구릉 목릉(경기 구리시)
파일:3-20.선릉(선정릉(성종)-0049.jpg|선정릉 선릉(서울 강남구)
파일:3-20.수릉(동구릉)-DSC_0323.jpg|동구릉 수릉(경기 구리시)
파일:3-20.융릉-석상.jpg|융건릉 융릉(경기 화성시)
파일:3-20.의릉_0117.JPG|의릉(서울 성북구)
파일:3-20.창릉-서오릉.jpg|서오릉 창릉(경기 고양시)
파일:3-20.파주장릉-_GSC8668.jpg|파주 장릉(경기 파주시)
파일:3-20.파주장릉-1788.jpg|파주 장릉 제향(경기 파주시)
파일:3-20.헌릉1.jpg|헌인릉 헌릉(서울 서초구)
파일:3-20.현릉-동구릉.jpg|동구릉 현릉(경기 구리시)
파일:3-20.혜릉-석상.jpg|동구릉 혜릉 석상(경기 구리시)
</gallery>

[[파일:045(K).jpg|600px|thumb|center]]

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; background:white; text-align:left;"
!style="width:15%;"|번호||style="width:10%;"|능명||style="width:30%;"|능주||style="width:5%;"|세대||style="width:30%;"|조성연대||style="width:10%;"|형태
|-
|rowspan="3"|01 파주 삼릉||공릉(恭陵)||예종원비 장순왕후||08||1461년, 1471년(봉릉)||단릉
|-
|순릉(順陵)||성종원비 공혜왕후||09||1474년||단릉
|-
|영릉(永陵)||진종소황제와 효순소황후||추존||왕:1728년, 비:1751년, 1776년(봉릉)||쌍릉
|-
|02 파주 장릉||장릉(長陵)||인조와 원비 인렬왕후||16||1731년(이장)||합장릉
|-
|03 김포 장릉||장릉(章陵)||원종과 인헌왕후||추존||왕:1627(이장), 비:1626, 1632년(봉릉)||쌍릉
|-
|rowspan="5"|04 고양 서오릉||창릉(昌陵)||예종과 계비 안순왕후||08||왕:1470년, 비:1499년||동원이강릉
|-
|경릉(敬陵)||덕종과 소혜왕후||추존||왕:1457년, 비:1504년||동원이강릉
|-
|명릉(明陵)||숙종과 1계비 인현왕후, 2계비 인원왕후||19||왕:1720년, 1계비:1701년, 2계비:1757년||동원이강릉
|-
|익릉(翼陵)||숙종원비 인경왕후||19||1680년||단릉
|-
|홍릉(弘陵)||영조원비 정성왕후||21||1757년||단릉
|-
|05 양주 온릉||온릉(溫陵)||중종원비 단경왕후||11||1557년, 1739년(봉릉)||단릉
|-
|rowspan="3"|06 고양 서삼릉||희릉(禧陵)||중종1계비 장경왕후||11||1537년(이장)||단릉
|-
|효릉(孝陵)||인종과 인성왕후||12||왕:1545년, 비:1578년||쌍릉
|-
|예릉(睿陵)||철종장황제와 철인장황후||25||왕:1864년, 비:1878년||쌍릉
|-
|07 서울 정릉||정릉(貞陵)||태조 계비 신덕고황후||01||1409년(이장)||단릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|08 서울 태릉과 강릉||태릉(泰陵)||중종2계비 문정왕후||11||1565년||단릉
|-
|강릉(康陵)||명종과 인순왕후||13||왕:1567년, 비:1575년||쌍릉
|-
|09 서울 의릉||의릉(懿陵)||경종과 계비 선의왕후||20||왕:1724년,비:1730년||동원상하릉
|-
|rowspan="9"|10 구리 동구릉||건원릉(健元陵)||태조고황제||01||1408년||단릉
|-
|현릉(顯陵)||문종과 현덕왕후||05||왕:1452년, 비:1513년(이장)||동원이강릉
|-
|강릉(康陵)||선조와 원비 의인왕후, 계비 인목왕후||14||왕:1630년(이장), 원비:1600년, 계비:1632년||동원이강릉
|-
|휘릉(徽陵)||인조계비 장렬왕후||16||1688년||단릉
|-
|숭릉(崇陵)||현종과 명성왕후||18||왕:1674년, 비:1684년||쌍릉
|-
|혜릉(惠陵)||경종원비 단의왕후||20||1718년, 1720년(봉릉)||단릉
|-
|원릉(元陵)||영조와 계비 정순왕후||21||왕:1776년, 비:1805년||쌍릉
|-
|수릉(綏陵)||문조익황제와 신정익황후||추존||왕:1855년(이장), 비:1890년||합장릉
|-
|경릉(景陵)||헌종성황제, 원비 효현성황후, 계비 효정성황후||24||왕:1849년, 원비:1843년, 계비:1904년||삼연릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|11 서울 건릉과 정릉||선릉(宣陵)||성종과 계비 정현왕후||09||왕:1495년, 비:1530년||동원이강릉
|-
|정릉(靖陵)||중종||11||1562년(이장)||단릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|12 서울 헌릉과 인릉||헌릉(獻陵)||태종과 원경왕후||03||왕:1422년, 비:1420년||쌍릉
|-
|인릉(仁陵)||순조숙황제와 순원숙황후||23||왕:1856년(이장), 비:1857년||합장릉
|-
|13 남양주 광릉||광릉(光陵)||세조와 정희왕후||07||왕:1468년, 비:1483년||동원이강릉
|-
|14 남양주 사릉||사릉(思陵)||단종비 정순왕후||06||1531년, 1698년(봉릉)||단릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|15 남양주 홍릉과 유릉||홍릉(洪陵)||고종태황제와 명성태황후||26||제:1919년, 후:1919년(이장)||합장릉
|-
|유릉(裕陵)||순종효황제, 원후 순명효황후, 계후 순정효황후||27||제:1926년, 원후:1926년(이장), 계후:1966년||합장릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|16 화성 융릉과 건릉||융릉(隆陵)||장조의황제와 헌경의황후||추존||왕:1789년(이장), 비:1815년, 1899년(봉릉)||합장릉
|-
|건릉(健陵)||정조선황제와 효의선황후||22||왕:1821년(이장), 비:1821년||합장릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|17 여주 영릉과 영릉||영릉(英陵)||세종과 소헌왕후||04||1469년(이장)||합장릉
|-
|영릉(寧陵)||효종과 인선왕후||17||왕:1673년(이장), 비:1674년||동원상하릉
|-
|18 영월 장릉||장릉(莊陵)||단종||06||1698년(봉릉)||단릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|북한소재||제릉(齊陵)||태조 원비 신의고황후||01||1391년, 1392년(봉릉)||단릉
|-
|후릉(厚陵)||정종과 정안왕후||02||왕:1420년, 비:1412년||쌍릉
|-
|rowspan="2"|기타||연산군묘||연산군과 거창군부인||10||왕:1512년(이장), 비:1537년||쌍분
|-
|광해군묘||광해군과 문성군부인||15||왕:1641년, 비:1623년||쌍릉
|}

=='''관련항목'''==
*『[[국조오례의|국조오례의(國朝五禮儀)]]』
*『[[국장도감의궤|국장도감의궤(國葬都監儀軌)]]』
*『[[빈전도감의궤|빈전도감의궤(殯殿都監儀軌)]]』
*『[[산릉도감의궤|산릉도감의궤(山陵都監儀軌)]]』
*[[세계문화유산]]
*[[홍살문]]
*[[정자각]]
*[[실록]]
*[[의궤]]
*[[능지]]

=='''참고문헌'''==
*'''왕릉 조성과정에 대해 더 알고 싶다면... '''

{{참고문헌
|참고문헌1=신병주, 『조선왕실의 왕릉 조성』, 세창출판사, 2017.
|참고문헌2=최낙기, 『왕릉 풍수 이야기』, 한국학술정보, 2014.
|참고문헌3=황인혁, 『조선 왕릉 산도』, 시간의물레, 2017.
|참고문헌4=김광호, 『잃어버린 왕조를 품다 조선 왕릉』, 혜성출판사, 2016.
}}
'''『조선왕실의 왕릉 조성』'''은 왕릉 조성에 얽힌 다양한 사연들을 정리해 왕릉에 얽힌 정치사, 문화사를 풍부하게 전달하는 책이다. 단순히 왕의 무덤이라는 측면 이외에 여러 의미를 지니고 있는 왕릉에 얽힌 역사와 문화에 대해 알아볼 수 있다.

'''『왕릉 풍수 이야기』'''는 조선왕조실록을 근간으로 삼은 책이다. 조선의 왕족, 조선왕릉의 조성양식, 조선시대 주요사건을 먼저 살펴본 뒤 본격적인 왕릉 풍수를 풀어냈다.

조선시대에는 산도를 산도·태실산도·산형도·형세도 등 다양한 용어를 사용하여 지칭하였음을 『조선왕조실록』을 통해 확인할 수 있다. 조선왕실의 산도는 왕과 왕비의 능을 대상으로 하는 왕릉산도와 왕의 태를 대상으로 하는 태실산도 그리고 왕실구성원 본 책에서 왕실구성원이란 전주이씨 시조인 사공공 이한(李翰)과 추존 4왕인 목조·익조·도조·환조, 그리고 태조 이성계에서 조선 마지막 왕인 순종까지의 왕과 왕비를 의미하며, 이들의 직계자손까지를 포함한다. '''『조선 왕릉 산도』'''에서는 왕실산도를 왕실구성원의 능원묘(陵園墓)에 대한 산도와 태실산도 그리고 『선원보감』에 수록된 산도를 포함하여 지칭하였다. 이 책에서는 『선원보감』 산도를 체계적으로 비교·분석을 하였다.

'''『잃어버린 왕조를 품다 조선 왕릉』'''. 조선 왕릉은 독특 한 한국인의 장묘 문화가 유교와 토착신앙이 어우러진 것으로 연중 치러지는 제례 의식 또한 역사의 전통으로 계승되어 오고 있다. 조선왕릉 전부가 빼어난 자연 경관을 잘 활용하여 조화를 이루고 석물 등의 공간 배치는 빼어난 예술적 가치를 자랑하고 있다. 독특한 분묘의 형태는 사후 도굴을 의식해서인지 깊이 묻혀 진 시신 위로 매우 두꺼운 화강암이 가로막아 중국에 비해 그 규모는 작지만 매우 견고하다. 이것이 온전한 왕릉을 보존케 한 비법이고 조상의 지혜인 것이다.

*'''왕릉의 제도 및 석물에 대해 더 알고 싶다면... '''

{{참고문헌
|참고문헌1=은광준, 『조선왕릉 석물복식: 세계문화유산』, 민속원, 2010.
|참고문헌2=정해득, 『조선 왕릉제도 연구』, 신구문화사, 2013.
}}
'''『조선왕릉 석물복식: 세계문화유산』'''에서는 조선시대 왕과 왕비의 능 그리고 북한에 있는 제릉, 후릉과 희릉지, 유릉지, 희릉 및 연산묘, 광해묘와 추존왕릉 5기 등 왕릉 석상의 복식을 총망라하고 있다. 특히 각 석상의 특성을 정확하게 묘사한 세밀화와 저자의 30여 년 연구를 상세하게 소개한다.

'''『조선 왕릉제도 연구』'''는 조선왕릉제도 전반에 대해 본격적으로 연구한 책이다. 저자는 경주의 신라왕릉, 공주·부여의 백제왕릉, 강화도의 고려왕릉은 물론 여러 곳에 산재한 조선왕릉을 직접 답사하여 조사하면서 각 시대마다 왕릉제도가 계승되고 변화·발전해 가는 과정을 확인하였다. 기존의 연구성과를 치밀하게 검토하고 최근에 소개된 북한 소재 왕릉의 사진자료를 통해 고려왕릉제도를 정리하여 공민왕릉에서 조선왕릉으로 계승·발전되어 가는 과정을 규명하였다.

*'''왕릉과 세계문화유산에 대해 더 알고 싶다면... '''

{{참고문헌
|참고문헌1=이창환, 『세계문화유산 신의정원 조선왕릉』, 한숲, 2014.
}}
'''『세계문화유산 신의정원 조선왕릉』'''은 조선왕릉의 조영적 특성 및 문화유산적 가치, 능역이 갖는 공간적 특성과 각종 건조물과 석물 등을 생생한 현장사진과 함께 순례형식으로 보여준다. 조선의 능원은 우리나라에 현존하는 전통공간 가운데 가장 완전한 형태를 갖추고 있는 우리나라만의 고유한 문화유산이다. 이 책은 저자가 그동안 축적한 연구 결과와 등재 과정에서 얻은 내용을 정리해 조선왕릉의 조영적 특성 및 문화유산적 가치, 27대에 걸친 조선의 왕과 왕비에 대한 탄생과 왕실생활 그리고 그들의 정치적 역량 등에 대하여 고증을 통해 서술하였다.

[[분류:문화로 이해하는 한국]]

The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-10T01:56:05Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉
}}

The Joseon royal tombs are a collection of 40 tombs built from 1408 to 1966 in which 27 generations of Joseon kings and queens are buried. They have been well preserved and demonstrate Confucian values, funerary culture, geomancy, and architecture of the Joseon dynasty. They were selected as a UNESCO World Heritage in 2013.

Tombs played an important role in Joseon society, which was based on Confucianism. Ancestral rituals, which honored the dead, were held multiple times a year. The spirits of the deceased were believed to come back to their tombs during these rituals, and therefore, the tombs needed to be located in auspicious and beautiful locations and maintained in good condition in order to please the spirits. This was more so the case for royal tombs.

The royal tombs are located some distance outside the walls of the Joseon capital, Hanyang, but still within Gyeonggi-do Province (with one exception - the tomb of King Danjong in Yeongwol, Gangwon-do). Their locations were selected based on geomancy – in remote areas with mountains to the back and sides and flowing water to the front. The mound-shaped tombs were located atop a hill and surrounded by trees to protect them from the elements. There are various kinds of tombs styles which were chosen in harmony with the surrounding environment: single tomb (a single mound for a king or queen), twin tomb (king next to queen), triplet tomb (king and two queens), double tomb (king and queen buried in same mound), or “one site, two ridge” with tombs on adjacent hills sharing a ritual house. Each tomb has its own name ending in “-''neung''” or “-''reung'',” which means “royal tomb."

A royal tomb has two sections: the burial area and the ritual area. The burial area is located in the back of the complex on a hill, while the ritual area is located in the front, below the hill. The burial area includes the burial mound, a stone platform, a stone lantern, and stone figures of various animals, all surrounded by a low wall in the back and sides. Just below this are two rows of stone statues of civil and military officials and their horses. The ritual area includes a spiked, red entrance gate, a T-shaped ritual house, and various auxiliary buildings. The ritual house has a window along its back wall, through which the burial area can be seen as someone performs a ritual bow.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-20.건원릉(동구릉)-0138.jpg|Geongwonneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.경릉-동구릉.jpg|Gyeongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.목릉(동구릉)- 0113.jpg|Mongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.수릉(동구릉)-DSC_0323.jpg|Sureung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.광릉-석상.jpg|Stone Statues at Gwangneung Royal Tomb (Gwangneungsumonkwon-ro, Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.선릉(선정릉(성종)-0049.jpg|Seonneung Royall Tomb (100-gil, Seonneung-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul)
File:3-20.파주장릉-1788.jpg|Ancestral Ritual Offerings at Jangneung Royal Tomb (Jangneung-ro, Tanhyeon-myeon, Paju, gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.헌릉1.jpg|Ancestral Ritual at Heonneung Royal Tomb (Heoninneung-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

===Locations of the Royal Tombs===
<gallery mode=packed heights=400px>
File:045(E).jpg|Locations of Joseon Royal Tombs
</gallery>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; background:white; text-align:left;"
!style="width:15%;"|Number||style="width:10%;"|Name||style="width:30%;"|Entombed Person(s)||style="width:5%;"|Generation||style="width:30%;"|Date of Construction||style="width:10%;"|Type
|-
|rowspan="3"|01 Paju Samneung||Gongneung (恭陵)||Queen Jangsun (Yejong's Original Queen)||08||1461, 1471 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single tomb
|-
|Sunneung (順陵)||Queen Gonghye (Seongjong's Original Queen)||09||1474||Single tomb
|-
|Yeongneung (永陵)||King Jinjo and Queen Hyosun||Honorary||King: 1728, Queen: 1751, 1776 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin tomb
|-
|02 Paju Jangneung||Jangneung (長陵)||King Injo and Queen Innyeol (Main)||16||1731 (Moved to current site)||Double tomb
|-
|03 Gimpo Jangneung||Jangneung (章陵)||King Wonjong and Queen Inheon||Honorary||King: 1627 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1626, 1632 (Invested as royal tomb)||Twin tomb
|-
|rowspan="5"|04 Goyang Seooerung||Changneung (昌陵)||King Yejong and Queen Ansun (Secondary)||08||King: 1470, Queen: 1499||One site, two ridge
|-
|Gyeongneung (敬陵)||King Deokjong and Queen Sohye||Honorary||King: 1457, Queen: 1504||One site, two ridge
|-
|Myeongneung (明陵)||Sukjong, Queen Inheon (1st Secondary), and Queen Inwon (2nd Secondary)||19||King: 1720, 1st Secondary Queen: 1701, 2nd Secondary Queen: 1757||One site, two ridge
|-
|Ingneung (翼陵)||Queen Ingyeong (Sukjong's Original Queen)||19||1680||Single tomb
|-
|Hongneung (弘陵)||Queen Jeongseong (Yeongjo's Original Queen)||21||1757||Single tomb
|-
|05 Yangju Onneung||Onneung (溫陵)||Queen Dangyeong (Jungjong's Original Queen)||11||1557, 1739 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="3"|06 Goyang Seosamneung||Huireung (禧陵)||Queen Janggyeong (Jungjong's 1st Secondary Queen)||11||1537 (Moved to current site)||Single tomb
|-
|Hyoreung (孝陵)||King Injong and Queen Injeong||12||King: 1545, Queen: 1578||Twin tomb
|-
|Yereung (睿陵)||King Cheoljong and Queen Cheorin||25||King: 1864, Queen: 1878||Twin tomb
|-
|07 Seong Jeongneung||Jeongneung (貞陵)||Queen Sindeok (Taejo's Secondary Queen)||01||1409 (Moved to current site)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|08 Seoul Taereung and Gangneung||Taereung (泰陵)||Queen Munjeong (Jungjong's 2nd Secondary Queen)||11||1565||Single tomb
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Myeongjong and Queen Insun||13||King: 1567, Queen: 1575||Twin tomb
|-
|09 Seong Uireung||Uireung(懿陵)||King Gyeongjong and Queen Seonui (Secondary)||20||King: 1724, Queen: 1730||One site, above and below
|-
|rowspan="9"|10 Guri Donggureung||Geonweonneung (健元陵)||King Taejo||01||1408||Single tomb
|-
|Hyeongneung(顯陵)||King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok||05||King: 1452, Queen: 1513 (Moved to current site)||One site, two ridge
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Seonjo, Queen Uiin (Original), and Queen Inmok (Secondary)||14||King: 1630 (Moved to current site), Original Queen: 1600, Secondary Queen: 1632||One site, two ridge
|-
|Hwireung (徽陵)||Queen Jangnyeol (Injo's Secondary Queen)||16||1688||Single tomb
|-
|Sungneung (崇陵)||King Hyeonjong and Queen Myeongseong||18||King: 1674, Queen: 1684||Twin tomb
|-
|Hyereung (惠陵)||Queen Danui (Gyeongjong's Original Queen)||20||1718, 1720 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single tomb
|-
|Wonneung (元陵)||King Yeongjo and Queen Jeongsun (Secondary)||21||King: 1776, Queen: 1805||Twin tomb
|-
|Sureung (綏陵)||King Munjo and Queen Sinjeong||Honorary||King: 1855 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1890||Double tomb
|-
|Gyeongreung (景陵)||King Heonjong, Queen Hyohyeon (Original), and Queen Hyojeong (Secondary)||24||King: 1849, Original Queen: 1843, Secondary Queen: 1904||Triplet tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|11 Seoul Seonneung and Jeongneung||Seonneung (宣陵)||King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon (Secondary)||09||King: 1495, Queen: 1530||One site, two ridge
|-
|Jeongneung (靖陵)||King Jungjong||11||1562 (Moved to current site)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|12 Seoul Heonneung and Inneung||Heonneung (獻陵)||King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong||03||King: 1422, Queen: 1420||Twin tomb
|-
|Inneung (仁陵)||King Sunjo and Queen Sunwon||23||King: 1856 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1857||Double tomb
|-
|13 Namyangju Gwangneung||Gwangneung (光陵)||King Sejo and Queen Jeonghui||07||King: 1468, Queen: 1483||One site, two ridge
|-
|14 Namyangju Sareung||Sareung (思陵)||Queen Jeongsun (Danjong's Queen)||06||1531, 1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|15 Namyangju Hongneung and Yureung||Hongneung (洪陵)||Emperor Gojong and Empress Myeongseong||26||Emperor: 1919, Empress: 1919 (Moved to current site)||Double tomb
|-
|Yureung (裕陵)||Emperor Sunjong, Empress Sunmyeong (Original), Empress Sunjeong (Secondary)||27||Emperor: 1926, Original Empress: 1926 (Moved to current site), Secondary Empress: 1966||Double tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|16 Hwaseong Yungneung and Geonneung||Yungneung (隆陵)||King Jangjo and Queen Heongyeong||Honorary||King: 1789 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1815, 1899 (Invested as royal tomb)||Double tomb
|-
|Geonneung(健陵)||King Jeongjo and Queen Hyoui||22||King: 1821 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1821||Double tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|17 Yeoju Yeongneung and Yeongneung||Yeongneung (英陵)||King Sejong and Queen Soheon||04||1469 (Moved to current site)||Double tomb
|-
|Yeongneung (寧陵)||King Hyojong and Queen Inseon||17||King: 1673 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1674||One site, above and below
|-
|18 Yeongwol Jangneung||Jangneung (莊陵)||King Danjong||06||1698 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|Located in Present-day North Korea||Jereung (齊陵)||Queen Sinui (Taejo's Original Queen)||01||1391, 1392 (Invested as royal tomb)||Single tomb
|-
|Hureung (厚陵)||King Jeongjong and Queen Jeongan||02||King: 1420, Queen: 1412||Twin tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|Misc.||Tomb of Yeonsangun||King Yeonsangun and Queen Geochang||10||King: 1512 (Moved to current site), Queen: 1537||Twin tomb
|-
|Tomb of Gwanghaegun||King Gwanghaegun and Queen Munseong||15||King: 1641, Queen: 1623||Twin tomb
|}

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 56-71.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-07T05:49:22Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉
}}

The Joseon royal tombs are a collection of 40 tombs built from 1408 to 1966 in which 27 generations of Joseon kings and queens are buried. They have been well preserved and demonstrate Confucian values, funerary culture, geomancy, and architecture of the Joseon dynasty. They were selected as a UNESCO World Heritage in 2013.

Tombs played an important role in Joseon society, which was based on Confucianism. Ancestral rituals, which honored the dead, were held multiple times a year. The spirits of the deceased were believed to come back to their tombs during these rituals, and therefore, the tombs needed to be located in auspicious and beautiful locations and maintained in good condition in order to please the spirits. This was more so the case for royal tombs.

The royal tombs are located some distance outside the walls of the Joseon capital, Hanyang, but still within Gyeonggi-do Province (with one exception - the tomb of King Danjong in Yeongwol, Gangwon-do). Their locations were selected based on geomancy – in remote areas with mountains to the back and sides and flowing water to the front. The mound-shaped tombs were located atop a hill and surrounded by trees to protect them from the elements. There are various kinds of tombs styles which were chosen in harmony with the surrounding environment: single tomb (a single mound for a king or queen), twin tomb (king next to queen), triplet tomb (king and two queens), double tomb (king and queen buried in same mound), or “one site, two ridge” with tombs on adjacent hills sharing a ritual house. Each tomb has its own name ending in “-''neung''” or “-''reung'',” which means “royal tomb."

A royal tomb has two sections: the burial area and the ritual area. The burial area is located in the back of the complex on a hill, while the ritual area is located in the front, below the hill. The burial area includes the burial mound, a stone platform, a stone lantern, and stone figures of various animals, all surrounded by a low wall in the back and sides. Just below this are two rows of stone statues of civil and military officials and their horses. The ritual area includes a spiked, red entrance gate, a T-shaped ritual house, and various auxiliary buildings. The ritual house has a window along its back wall, through which the burial area can be seen as someone performs a ritual bow.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-20.건원릉(동구릉)-0138.jpg|Geongwonneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.경릉-동구릉.jpg|Gyeongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.목릉(동구릉)- 0113.jpg|Mongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.수릉(동구릉)-DSC_0323.jpg|Sureung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.광릉-석상.jpg|Stone Statues at Gwangneung Royal Tomb (Gwangneungsumonkwon-ro, Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.선릉(선정릉(성종)-0049.jpg|Seonneung Royall Tomb (100-gil, Seonneung-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul)
File:3-20.파주장릉-1788.jpg|Ancestral Ritual Offerings at Jangneung Royal Tomb (Jangneung-ro, Tanhyeon-myeon, Paju, gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.헌릉1.jpg|Ancestral Ritual at Heonneung Royal Tomb (Heoninneung-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

===Locations of the Royal Tombs===
<gallery mode=packed heights=400px>
File:045(E).jpg|Locations of Joseon Royal Tombs
</gallery>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; background:white; text-align:left;"
!style="width:15%;"|Number||style="width:10%;"|Name||style="width:30%;"|Entombed Persons(s)||style="width:5%;"|Generation||style="width:30%;"|Date of Consturction||style="width:10%;"|Type
|-
|rowspan="3"|01 Paju Samneung||Gongneung (恭陵)||Queen Jangsun (Yejong's Original Queen)||08||1461, 1471(봉릉)||Single tomb
|-
|Sunneung (順陵)||Queen Gonghye (Seongjong's Original Queen)||09||1474||Single tomb
|-
|Yeongneung (永陵)||King Jinjo and Queen Hyosun||Honorary||King: 1728, Queen: 1751, 1776(봉릉)||Twin tomb
|-
|02 Paju Jangneung||Jangneung (長陵)||King Injo and Queen Innyeol (Main)||16||1731(이장)||Double tomb
|-
|03 Gimpo Jangneung||Jangneung (章陵)||King Wonjong and Queen Inheon||Honorary||King: 1627(이장), Queen: 1626, 1632(봉릉)||Twin tomb
|-
|rowspan="5"|04 Goyang Seooerung||Changneung (昌陵)||King Yejong and Queen Ansun (Secondary)||08||King: 1470, Queen: 1499||One site, two ridge
|-
|Gyeongneung (敬陵)||King Deokjong and Queen Sohye||Honorary||King: 1457, Queen: 1504||One site, two ridge
|-
|Myeongneung (明陵)||Sukjong, Queen Inheon (1st Secondary), and Queen Inwon (2nd Secondary)||19||King: 1720, 1st Secondary Queen: 1701, 2nd Secondary Queen: 1757||One site, two ridge
|-
|Ingneung (翼陵)||Queen Ingyeong (Sukjong's Original Queen)||19||1680||Single tomb
|-
|Hongneung (弘陵)||Queen Jeongseong (Yeongjo's Original Queen)||21||1757||Single tomb
|-
|05 Yangju Onneung||Onneung (溫陵)||Queen Dangyeong (Jungjong's Original Queen)||11||1557, 1739(봉릉)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="3"|06 Goyang Seosamneung||Huireung (禧陵)||Queen Janggyeong (Jungjong's 1st Secondary Queen)||11||1537(이장)||Single tomb
|-
|Hyoreung (孝陵)||King Injong and Queen Injeong||12||King: 1545, Queen: 1578||Twin tomb
|-
|Yereung (睿陵)||King Cheoljong and Queen Cheorin||25||King: 1864, Queen: 1878||Twin tomb
|-
|07 Seong Jeongneung||Jeongneung (貞陵)||Queen Sindeok (Taejo's Secondary Queen)||01||1409(이장)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|08 Seoul Taereung and Gangneung||Taereung (泰陵)||Queen Mungjeong (Jungjon's 2nd Secondary Queen)||11||1565||Single tomb
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Myeongjong and Queen Insun||13||King:1567, Queen:1575||Twin tomb
|-
|09 Seong Uireung||Uireung(懿陵)||King Gyeongjong and Queen Seonui (Secondary)||20||King: 1724, Queen: 1730||One site, above and below
|-
|rowspan="9"|10 Guri Donggureung||Geonweonneung (健元陵)||King Taejo||01||1408||Single tomb
|-
|Hyeongneung(顯陵)||King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok||05||King: 1452, Queen: 1513(이장)||One site, two ridge
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Seonjo, Queen Uiin (Original), and Queen Inmok (Secondary)||14||King: 1630(이장), Original Queen: 1600, Secondary Queen: 1632||One site, two ridge
|-
|Hwireung (徽陵)||Queen Jangnyeol (Injo's Secondary Queen)||16||1688||Single tomb
|-
|Sungneung (崇陵)||King Hyeonjong and Queen Myeongseonf||18||King: 1674, Queen: 1684||Twin tomb
|-
|Hyereung (惠陵)||Queen Danui (Gyeongjong's Original Queen)||20||1718, 1720(봉릉)||Single tomb
|-
|Wonneung (元陵)||King Yeongjo and Queen Jeongsun (Secondary)||21||King: 1776, Queen: 1805||Twin tomb
|-
|Sureung (綏陵)||King Munjo and Queen Sinjeong||Honorary||King: 1855(이장), Queen: 1890||Double tomb
|-
|Gyeongreung (景陵)||King Heonjong, Queen Hyohyeon (Original), and Queen Hyojeong (Secondary)||24||King: 1849, Original Queen: 1843, Secondary Queen: 1904||Triplet tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|11 Seoul Seonneung and Jeongneung||Seonneung (宣陵)||King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon (Secondary)||09||King: 1495, Queen: 1530||One site, two ridge
|-
|Jeongneung (靖陵)||King Jungjong||11||1562(이장)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|12 Seoul Heonneung and Inneung||Heonneung (獻陵)||King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong||03||King: 1422, Queen: 1420||Twin tomb
|-
|Inneung (仁陵)||King Sunjo and Queen Sunwon||23||King: 1856(이장), Queen: 1857||Double tomb
|-
|13 Namyangju Gwangneung||Gwangneung (光陵)||King Sejo and Queen Jeonghui||07||King: 1468, Queen: 1483||One site, two ridge
|-
|14 Namyangju Sareung||Sareung (思陵)||Queen Jeongsun (Danjong's Queen)||06||1531, 1698(봉릉)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|15 Namyangju Hongneung and Yureung||Hongneung (洪陵)||Emperor Gojong and Empress Myeongseong||26||Emperor: 1919, Empress: 1919(이장)||Double tomb
|-
|Yureung (裕陵)||Emperor Sunjong, Empress Sunmyeong (Original), Empress Sunjeong (Secondary)||27||Emperor: 1926, Original Empress: 1926(이장), Secondary Empress: 1966||Double tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|16 Hwaseong Yungneung and Geonneung||Yungneung (隆陵)||King Jangjo and Queen Heongyeong||Honorary||King: 1789(이장), Queen: 1815, 1899(봉릉)||Double tomb
|-
|Geonneung(健陵)||King Jeongjo and Queen Hyoui||22||King: 1821(이장), Queen: 1821||Double tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|17 Yeoju Yeongneung and Yeongneung||Yeongneung (英陵)||King Sejong and Queen Soheon||04||1469(이장)||Double tomb
|-
|Yeongneung (寧陵)||King Hyojong and Queen Inseon||17||King: 1673(이장), Queen: 1674||One site, above and below
|-
|18 Yeongwol Jangneung||Jangneung (莊陵)||King Danjong||06||1698(봉릉)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|Located in Present-day North Korea||Jereung (齊陵)||Queen Sinui (Taejo's Original Queen)||01||1391, 1392(봉릉)||Single tomb
|-
|Hureung (厚陵)||King Jeongjong and Queen Jeongan||02||King: 1420, Queen: 1412||Twin tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|Misc.||Tomb of Yeonsangun||King Yeonsangun and Queen Geochang||10||King: 1512(이장), Queen: 1537||Twin tomb
|-
|Tomb of Gwanghaegun||King Gwanghaegun and Queen Munseong||15||King: 1641, Queen: 1623||Twin tomb
|}

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 56-71.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]

The Resting Places of Kings and Queens - Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty

2018-01-07T05:46:18Z

Lyndsey:

{{Kor Article|
|Article=세계문화유산으로서의 조선 왕릉
}}

The Joseon royal tombs are a collection of 40 tombs built from 1408 to 1966 in which 27 generations of Joseon kings and queens are buried. They have been well preserved and demonstrate Confucian values, funerary culture, geomancy, and architecture of the Joseon dynasty. They were selected as a UNESCO World Heritage in 2013.

Tombs played an important role in Joseon society, which was based on Confucianism. Ancestral rituals, which honored the dead, were held multiple times a year. The spirits of the deceased were believed to come back to their tombs during these rituals, and therefore, the tombs needed to be located in auspicious and beautiful locations and maintained in good condition in order to please the spirits. This was more so the case for royal tombs.

The royal tombs are located some distance outside the walls of the Joseon capital, Hanyang, but still within Gyeonggi-do Province (with one exception - the tomb of King Danjong in Yeongwol, Gangwon-do). Their locations were selected based on geomancy – in remote areas with mountains to the back and sides and flowing water to the front. The mound-shaped tombs were located atop a hill and surrounded by trees to protect them from the elements. There are various kinds of tombs styles which were chosen in harmony with the surrounding environment: single tomb (a single mound for a king or queen), twin tomb (king next to queen), triplet tomb (king and two queens), double tomb (king and queen buried in same mound), or “one site, two ridge” with tombs on adjacent hills sharing a ritual house. Each tomb has its own name ending in “-''neung''” or “-''reung'',” which means “royal tomb."

A royal tomb has two sections: the burial area and the ritual area. The burial area is located in the back of the complex on a hill, while the ritual area is located in the front, below the hill. The burial area includes the burial mound, a stone platform, a stone lantern, and stone figures of various animals, all surrounded by a low wall in the back and sides. Just below this are two rows of stone statues of civil and military officials and their horses. The ritual area includes a spiked, red entrance gate, a T-shaped ritual house, and various auxiliary buildings. The ritual house has a window along its back wall, through which the burial area can be seen as someone performs a ritual bow.

<gallery mode=packed heights=220px>
File:3-20.건원릉(동구릉)-0138.jpg|Geongwonneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.경릉-동구릉.jpg|Gyeongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.목릉(동구릉)- 0113.jpg|Mongneung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.수릉(동구릉)-DSC_0323.jpg|Sureung Royal Tomb (Donggureung-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.광릉-석상.jpg|Stone Statues at Gwangneung Royal Tomb (Gwangneungsumonkwon-ro, Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.선릉(선정릉(성종)-0049.jpg|Seonneung Royall Tomb (100-gil, Seonneung-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul)
File:3-20.파주장릉-1788.jpg|Ancestral Ritual Offerings at Jangneung Royal Tomb (Jangneung-ro, Tanhyeon-myeon, Paju, gyeonggi-do)
File:3-20.헌릉1.jpg|Ancestral Ritual at Heonneung Royal Tomb (Heoninneung-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul)
</gallery>

===Locations of the Royal Tombs===
<gallery mode=packed heights=400px>
File:045(E).jpg|Locations of Joseon Royal Tombs
</gallery>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; background:white; text-align:left;"
!style="width:15%;"|Number||style="width:10%;"|Name||style="width:30%;"|Entombed Persons(s)||style="width:5%;"|Generation||style="width:30%;"|Date of Consturction||style="width:10%;"|Type
|-
|rowspan="3"|01 Paju Samneung||Gongneung (恭陵)||Queen Jangsun (Yejong's Original Queen)||08||1461, 1471(봉릉)||Single tomb
|-
|Sunneung (順陵)||Queen Gonghye (Seongjong's Original Queen)||09||1474||Single tomb
|-
|Yeongneung (永陵)||King Jinjo and Queen Hyosun||Honorary||King: 1728, Queen: 1751, 1776(봉릉)||Twin tomb
|-
|02 Paju Jangneung||Jangneung (長陵)||King Injo and Queen Innyeol (Main)||16||1731(이장)||Double tomb
|-
|03 Gimpo Jangneung||Jangneung (章陵)||King Wonjong and Queen Inheon||Honorary||King: 1627(이장), Queen: 1626, 1632(봉릉)||Twin tomb
|-
|rowspan="5"|04 Goyang Seooerung||Changneung (昌陵)||King Yejong and Queen Ansun (Secondary)||08||King: 1470, Queen: 1499||One site, two ridge
|-
|Gyeongneung (敬陵)||King Deokjong and Queen Sohye||Honorary||King: 1457, Queen: 1504||One site, two ridge
|-
|Myeongneung (明陵)||Sukjong, Queen Inheon (1st Secondary), and Queen Inwon (2nd Secondary)||19||King: 1720, 1st Secondary Queen: 1701, 2nd Secondary Queen: 1757||One site, two ridge
|-
|Ingneung (翼陵)||Queen Ingyeong (Sukjong's Original Queen)||19||1680||Single tomb
|-
|Hongneung (弘陵)||Queen Jeongseong (Yeongjo's Original Queen)||21||1757||Single tomb
|-
|05 Yangju Onneung||Onneung (溫陵)||Queen Dangyeong (Jungjong's Original Queen)||11||1557, 1739(봉릉)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="3"|06 Goyang Seosamneung||Huireung (禧陵)||Queen Janggyeong (Jungjong's 1st Secondary Queen)||11||1537(이장)||Single tomb
|-
|Hyoreung (孝陵)||King Injong and Queen Injeong||12||King: 1545, Queen: 1578||Twin tomb
|-
|Yereung (睿陵)||King Cheoljong and Queen Cheorin||25||King: 1864, Queen: 1878||Twin tomb
|-
|07 Seong Jeongneung||Jeongneung (貞陵)||Queen Sindeok (Taejo's Secondary Queen)||01||1409(이장)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|08 Seoul Taereung and Gangneung||Taereung (泰陵)||Queen Mungjeong (Jungjon's 2nd Secondary Queen)||11||1565||Single tomb
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Myeongjong and Queen Insun||13||King:1567, Queen:1575||Twin tomb
|-
|09 Seong Uireung||Uireung(懿陵)||King Gyeongjong and Queen Seonui (Secondary)||20||King: 1724, Queen: 1730||One site, above and below
|-
|rowspan="9"|10 Guri Donggureung||Geonweonneung (健元陵)||King Taejo||01||1408||Single tomb
|-
|Hyeongneung(顯陵)||King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok||05||King: 1452, Queen: 1513(이장)||One site, two ridge
|-
|Gangneung (康陵)||King Seonjo, Queen Uiin (Original), Queen Inmok (Secondary)||14||King: 1630(이장), Original Queen: 1600, Secondary Queen: 1632||One site, two ridge
|-
|Hwireung (徽陵)||Queen Jangnyeol (Injo's Secondary Queen)||16||1688||Single tomb
|-
|Sungneung (崇陵)||King Hyeonjong and Queen Myeongseonf||18||King: 1674, Queen: 1684||Twin tomb
|-
|Hyereung (惠陵)||Queen Danui (Gyeongjong's Original Queen)||20||1718, 1720(봉릉)||Single tomb
|-
|Wonneung (元陵)||King Yeongjo and Queen Jeongsun (Secondary)||21||King: 1776, Queen: 1805||Twin tomb
|-
|Sureung (綏陵)||King Munjo and Queen Sinjeong||Honorary||King: 1855(이장), Queen: 1890||Double tomb
|-
|Gyeongreung (景陵)||King Heonjong, Queen Hyohyeon (Original), and Queen Hyojeong (Secondary)||24||King: 1849, Original Queen: 1843, Secondary Queen: 1904||Triplet tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|11 Seoul Seonneung and Jeongneung||Seonneung (宣陵)||King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon (Secondary)||09||King: 1495, Queen: 1530||One site, two ridge
|-
|Jeongneung (靖陵)||King Jungjong||11||1562(이장)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|12 Seoul Heonneung and Inneung||Heonneung (獻陵)||King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong||03||King: 1422, Queen: 1420||Twin tomb
|-
|Inneung (仁陵)||King Sunjo and Queen Sunwon||23||King: 1856(이장), Queen: 1857||Double tomb
|-
|13 Namyangju Gwangneung||Gwangneung (光陵)||King Sejo and Queen Jeonghui||07||King: 1468, Queen: 1483||One site, two ridge
|-
|14 Namyangju Sareung||Sareung (思陵)||Queen Jeongsun (Danjong's Queen)||06||1531, 1698(봉릉)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|15 Namyangju Hongneung and Yureung||Hongneung (洪陵)||Emperor Gojong and Empress Myeongseong||26||Emperor: 1919, Empress: 1919(이장)||Double tomb
|-
|Yureung (裕陵)||Emperor Sunjong, Empress Sunmyeong (Original), Empress Sunjeong (Secondary)||27||Emperor: 1926, Original Empress: 1926(이장), Secondary Empress: 1966||Double tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|16 Hwaseong Yungneung and Geonneung||Yungneung (隆陵)||King Jangjo and Queen Heongyeong||Honorary||King: 1789(이장), Queen: 1815, 1899(봉릉)||Double tomb
|-
|Geonneung(健陵)||King Jeongjo and Queen Hyoui||22||King: 1821(이장), Queen: 1821||Double tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|17 Yeoju Yeongneung and Yeongneung||Yeongneung (英陵)||King Sejong and Queen Soheon||04||1469(이장)||Double tomb
|-
|Yeongneung (寧陵)||King Hyojong and Queen Inseon||17||King: 1673(이장), Queen: 1674||One site, above and below
|-
|18 Yeongwol Jangneung||Jangneung (莊陵)||King Danjong||06||1698(봉릉)||Single tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|Located in Present-day North Korea||Jereung (齊陵)||Queen Sinui (Taejo's Original Queen)||01||1391, 1392(봉릉)||Single tomb
|-
|Hureung (厚陵)||King Jeongjong and Queen Jeongan||02||King: 1420, Queen: 1412||Twin tomb
|-
|rowspan="2"|Misc.||Tomb of Yeonsangun||King Yeonsangun and Queen Geochang||10||King: 1512(이장), Queen: 1537||Twin tomb
|-
|Tomb of Gwanghaegun||King Gwanghaegun and Queen Munseong||15||King: 1641, Queen: 1623||Twin tomb
|}

=='''Related Articles'''==

=='''References'''==
<references/>
* Koehler, Robert. 2011. Joseon's Royal Heritage: 500 Years of Splendor. Seoul Selection. p. 56-71.

[[Category:Understanding Korea through Culture]]