Our Team's Topic and motivation

We are all students who dream of education. In commemoration of the 1,100 year of the foundation of the Goryeo, the theme we have prepared is " Goryeo's Civil Service Examination, and various educational institutions, including the Royal Academy " Goryeo was a very important subject in the history of education and well developed not only in central educational institutions but also in local educational institutions and private institutes. We can learn and feel a lot from Goryeo sources who were interested in education.

Goryeo's the Civil Service Examination

Explanation about the Civil Service Examination

’과거제‘ were the national civil service examinations under the Goryeo.It was at the time of Gwangjong, the fourth king of Goryeo, who started the exam system in goryeo dynasty. King Gwangjong thought that for strengthening the royal power, there should be more people loyal to the king . the ’과거제‘ was first created by the chinise king named munjae who was the king of sunara and after seven years it was introduced to korea by the then minister named Ssanggi So, he accepted the suggestion of 쌍기 Chinese students and put the exam system in place. this is how, he he selected officials of high level for his kingdom.

Background of the Civil Service Examination

It was the ninth year of Gwangjong (958 years) of Goryeo that the system was first introduced to Korea. This is 371 years after it was implemented in China. Taking the suggestion of a naturalized Ssanggi, Kwang-jong introduced a system of recruiting new talents according to Confucian scholarship and ability. Kwang-jong also needed power who was loyal to him and Goryeo, while controlling those from the vested interest. In the civil service, the system was the most suitable way to recruit that who has no power but has capacity. It was implemented with the aim of strengthening its sovereign power beyond the traditional pro-ethnic regime and achieved the desired results.

System of the Civil Service Examination

In civil service examination, the main part of the examination system was civil service literary examinations, but there were also Miscellaneous Examination and monk examination After passing the exam, a Buddhist monk could become an official. However, It is hard to say that officer of the crown was selected based on its ability because it also implemented protected appointment that enables the administration to become an officer of the crown without taking civil service examination. The law allowed above the rank of commoner to apply in the civil service examination, but the classic examination and composition examination was mostly applied by the nobles and local functionary. Composition Examination focused on literary talent and policy, and Classics examination focused on understanding the canon. Miscellaneous Examination was a test to select technical centers for law, accounting, and geography.

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Goryeo's education institute

Explanation about education institute

Royal Academy(Kukjagam) is a public educational institution same as national university. There are many interesting features about Royal Academy. The same three headings are taught but the qualifications for admission were different. Master and assistant taught the three headings. With the development of private schools, public schools have weakened at the period of Munjong. So Yejong changed the name of the royal academy from Kukjagam to Kukhak. There are difference according to which king is in power. who emphasized confucianism strengthened the the system for public school. King who emphasized Buddhism strengthened the system for privite education.

Local Confucian academy(Hyanggyo) is also a public educational institution to teach confucianism in local. If you want to understand why the Local Confucian academy is necessary, you have to know the background history. After Wang Gun, the kings of Goryeo tried to organize a political power structure based on confucianism, the new political ideology. In this trend of history, the political will to diffuse confucianism to base society was appeared. That’s why the necessity of Local Confucian academy was increased.

Goryeo's private school and it's influence on the Civil Service Examination

Mun-heon-gong-do is also called Lord Chancellor Ch’oe’s Disciples. In the middle of the Goryeo period, Choichung set up a Nine Hall Institute. Therefore, when the Public education was shrinked, Goryeo tried to promote the national studies by putting 7 items and Fund for Nurturing Worthies into Royal Academy. In the year 1068, when choi died, nation gave the title of 'mun-heon', and his follower named his school after ‘mun-heon’. Mun-heon-gong-do had became a representative position of 12 do and was passed down to the Late Goryeo Dynasty. In the Military Rule, Lee Seungjang studied at sol-seong-jae of Mun-heon-gong-do, and Yi Kyu Bo also attended ‘ seong-myeong-jae’ ,in Mun-heon-gong-do, at the age of 14. In Goryeo biography, 12 do including Mun-heon-gong-do were in an equal position with the Royal Academy, but Late Goryeo Dynasty, With the implementation of the Royal Academy revival policy, It was demoted and serving as the middle location between district school and Royal Academy and was abolished in 1391(The third year of gongyang reign)

Originality and Value of Royal Academy of Goryeo

It has a complex structure from the central elite, usually called the international school, to the lower level of education programs, local educational institutions, and auxiliary history. The Royal Academy student was given the privilege of taking the test in the Civil Service Examination. In the test, applicants had to pass a national preliminary test and then pass a national re-examination, Royal Confucian Academy examination. However, after studying for three years in school, The Royal Academy students were exempted from preliminary tests regardless of their grades, and were able to apply in the test through direct monitoring. Furthermore, those with good academic records were exempted from the first or second chapters of the test as well as surveillance. The king, who emphasized Confucianism as the center of education, emphasized Chinese culture during his reign. he school encouraged students to Confucianism and also influenced their educational content by establishing the contents of the exam