2018 GGHS Team 1

Introduction

A comparison of the Technology of Goryeo and Foreign Countries

Motives for doing research

Through the study of hidden technology from the Goryeo Dynasty that many people do not know about, by comparing the characteristics of the cannons and metal types of the Goryeo Dynasty with those of foreign cannons and metal types, we explained the excellence of the technology of the Goryeo Dynasty. As a student at Ganghwa Girls ' High School in Ganghwa Island, which was the capital of Goryeo, we wanted to accumulate diverse knowledge about the Goryeo Dynasty. As of 2018, the research was conducted to mark the 1100th anniversary of the founding of the Goryeo.

Background knowledge

What is a cannon(Chongtong gun)?

Cannons displayed in a Choi Moo Sun science museum

• A type of weapon used to fire arrows from the Goryeo Dynasty.
• The chongtong gun is a cannon ball of the Joseon Dynasty. The names were divided according to the size, weight of gunpowder, the number of bullets, and the distance to which they were used, according to the order of 천자문(千子文) was separated by 천(天)·지(地)·현(玄)·황(黃)
• A cannon is a large, uncarrying weapon with a large firing range and a greater range than the gun.

The stone cannon that was made in the 14th century was replaced by the steel one at the end of 15th century. At the same time in France a new lighter a cannon cast in bronze was placed on a horse-drawn motorcycle carriage, which led to the emergence of field guns. The new mobile French field gun has introduced the concept of a trunnion, making it easier for guns to be placed on permanent cartwheels, allowing for relatively accurate aim and range expansion.

The origin of the invention of metal types

Existing woodblocks were difficult to keep because they are easily split and bent. And all of the characters were carved on the woodblocks, and the characters were printed on one woodblock-printed book, so that only one type of book could be printed.Metal types were invented to compensate for these shortcomings.

Middle Ages

The physical principles of a cannon

When the magnitude of the force acting is the same, the longer the impact time, the greater the magnitude of the charge. Therefore, the formula F△t = I(the amount of charge) is established. For example, the longer the cannon is, the longer the shell flies. If powder is lit, impact will be applied to the shell, but the longer the gun is, the longer it will take to be impacted, causing the shell to fly further away.

European and Chinese cannon

Inside the Rochelt cannon, manufactured in the early 14th century

European cannon

Among European cannons, a known internal structure was discovered in 1861, in Loshult, Sweden. It is believed to have been used in the 14th century and is a rifle barrel with a length of 310 mm and a muzzle of 36 mm. The internal structure of the cannon, which is made of bronze, becomes narrower as it enters from a gun and expands again in a medicine bottle that explodes. And there is a hole in the medicine box for inserting the ignition wire. It seems that guns with this internal structure were used in Europe around the 14th century. These guns used arrows as launches, with the wings of iron and leather attached to the middle of the arrows, which are well represented in the drawing of the book, which was published in 1326. At the shooting scene, the powder can be filled with powder in the medicine cabinet, the back of the arrow is inserted through the gun, and the powder can be set on fire. The arrow that is inserted into the muzzle by the explosive force is fired forward.

The cannon of the Goryeo Dynasty

<Kyung Hee Cannon> Kyung Hee Cannon is presumed to be independent. Among Korea's old cannons currently in existence, the cannon, which is believed to be made at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, is two bronze cannon stored in the Kyung Hee University Museum. The cannon is a typical form of the 14th century, when it becomes narrower as it enters from the entrance and expands significantly in the area of gunpowder. The outer shape has a joint at the entrance to the beak and one at the front and one at the back of the gunpowder bottle.

Kyung Hee Cannon internal structure

Kyung Hee Cannon

Kyung Hee cannon have the same internal structure as the Rochelt cannon in Sweden and China's 14th century cannon. However, it is different from the structure of the Korean cannon, which appears in the latter part of King Sejong. Therefore, Kyung Hee Cannon may be thought to be from China, but considering that the size of the artillery gun in the early period of China was 300 to 400 ㎜ or more than the Kyung Hee cannon, it is assumed the oldest cannon made in Goryeo.

The shooting sight of the cannon fills the medicine barrel of the cannon, inserts the back of the arrow through the gun, lights the signal line, and burns off the powder of the gun. The explosive force produces an arrow that is inserted into the barrel.

<juhwa> Choi Moo-seon also made the nation's first rocket, ' Juhwa ', which means ' Running Fire. ' "Juhwa " refers to putting gunpowder into a paper container made by rolling it, and the powder inside the paper barrel burns, and the combustion gases are blown back by force.

<general’s cannon,second commander’s cannon> As a distribution gun used to send arrows and bullets far away from the blast, it was used to strike and destroy enemy castles, gates, walls, and warships <A signal shell> This is a signal fire that can be used to set up a camp with the sound of explosion, fire and smoke that are emitted at launch, or exchange signals between the fortress and the camp.

Although none of the gunpowder manufactured by Choi Moo-seon can be confirmed on the scale and structure of the weapons, it is certain that they are the foundation of the nation's gunpowder weapons. Choi Moo-sun's contribution to the nation through the development of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons is beyond comparison with anyone's achievements.

German metal movable types

● Process for making metal types in the Goryeo Dynasty

① It is carved into the wax one by one letter to form 어미자.

①Make 어미자

② Wrap the wax and then form a mold.

②Making Molds

③ Pour molten iron from copper, tin, and lead into a mold.

③Pouring molten iron

④ Remove and polish metal types made from molten iron.

④Type removal

⑤ Arrange the types according to what you want to print.

⑤Typing

⑥ Put ink on the type face and paper over it.

⑥Printing

● The character of metal type

It was made of metal so it could be stored for a long time.

It was able to print different kinds of books by combining type with metal letters.

Goryeo made the world's first.

It is a traditional craft that shows the excellence of our nation.

Modern times

Modern technology

3D Printer

This is a photo of a 3D printer.

Today, a three-dimensional printer(3D - printer) has been created combining traditional printing technology with the wisdom of our ancestors. Three-dimensional printing is a manufacturing technique that produces three-dimensional objects by spraying a continuous layer of matter. By using this, they were able to create objects in three dimensions, not in two dimensions.

Missiles

This is a photo of a Missiles.

The rocket weapons, including cannon, have at present developed into missiles. A missile is a generic term for a weapon that is driven by a rocket, jet engine, etc. and is guided until the target is reached at the point of induction. A missiles don't just shoot at targets like shells and fly away.also it's got an induction device inside it After it's launched, it measures its speed and direction. Missiles have the ability to hit the target by as amended it.

Team Information

Team Position	Name (English)	Name (Korean)	Student ID	Wiki ID
Teacher	Lina	리나		myid1
Leader	Yerim Kim	김예림	2704	yearim205
Member	Jeonga Park	박정아	2707	qkrwjddk
Member	Sumin Yu	유수민	2613	유수민
Member	Hyoeun Kim	김효은	2505	rlagydms
Member	Yeaeun Lee	이예은	2416	Yeaeun
Member	Hyewon Shin	신혜원	1611	신혜원

• Each student should make their own page named 2018 GGHS Team# NAME, for example: 2018 GGHS 1 Lina.