한국건축용어
목차
국-영문 한국건축용어 사전 요약 Korean-English Korean Architecture Term Glossary Overview
There are many terms unique to Korean architecture which are difficult to translate and explain. This page serves as an overview of key terms needed to understand Korean architecture, along with suggestions for English translation of these terms as well as explanations. The terms include both the parts/pieces involved in Korean architecture, as well as styles of architecture. When possible, photos or diagrams have been included.
In Korean building architecture, there are three main sections: Roof (지붕 jibung), Wall (벽제 byeokje), and Foundation (기단 gidan). These each correspond respectively to heaven (천 天 cheon), human (인 人 in), and earth (지 地 ji). Harmony within this triad of heaven-human-earth (천인지 天人地 cheon-in-ji) is central to East Asian philosophy and can be seen in prominently in theory behind Korean architecture. Thus, the following architecture terms have been grouped by these three classic sections. However, there are some terms which can be seen throughout the entire structure, and these will be explained separately as "general terms."
기본 용어 General Terms
Table
| 국문 (Korean) | 한문 (Hanja) | 로마자 (Romanization) | 국문 해설 (Korean Explanation) | 영문 (English) | 영문 해설 (English Explanation) | 이미지 (Image) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 주 | 柱 | ju | column | used in terms relating to the columns, either denoting a column itself, a piece that is column-shaped, or a piece's location in relation to the column | ||
| 주심 | 柱心 | jusim | column-top | lit. column heart; located in the same line (i.e. above) the column, as opposed to being to the side of the column, or to the inside or outside of the column | ||
| 주간 | 柱間 | jugan | between columns | lit. column space-between; located in the sections between columns | ||
| 종 | 終 | jong | ridge | lit. final, end; located at or near the apex of the roof | ||
| 중 | 柱間 | jung | middle | lit. middle, center; located between two other similar pieces | ||
| 툇 | twoet | external | outside the main structure; can be used to describe a porch/floor (마루 maru) or a beam (보 bo) | |||
| 내출목 | naechulmok | internal, inner | lit. inner exit wood; used to describe parts of the roof (esp. bracket) which lie to the inside of the line of the column | |||
| 외출목 | waechulmok | external, outer | lit. outer exit wood; used to describe parts of the roof (esp. bracket) which lie to the outside of the line of the column | |||
| 마루 | maru | floor, ridge | used to describe a wooden floor used as a hall or porch, or to describe the slope (ridge) of the roof | |||
| 공 | gong | bracket | used in words relating to the roof bracket structure and its parts |
지붕부 Roof Section
Table
| 분류 (Type) | 국문 (Korean) | 한문 (Hanja) | 로마자 (Romanization) | 국문 해설 (Korean Explanation) | 영문 (English) | 영문 해설 (English Explanation) | 이미지 (Image) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 형태 | 용마루 | yong-maru | (dragon, main) ridge | lit. dragon ridge; a support running lengthwise which supports the rafters | |||
| 내림마루 | naerim-maru | gable ridge | lit. descending ridge; a support running lengthwise which supports the rafters | ||||
| 추녀마루 | chunyeo-maru | gable roof | lit. hip rafter ridge; a support running lengthwise which supports the rafters | ||||
| 선자연 | seonjayeon | fan-rib rafter | the fan-like shape of the rafters at the corner of the roof | ||||
| 맞배지붕 | matbae-jibung | gable roof | |||||
| 팔작지붕[1] | paljak-jibung | hip-and-gable roof[2] | |||||
| 우진각지붕 | ujingak-jibung | hip roof | |||||
| 도리 | 도리 | dori | purlin | a support running lengthwise which supports the rafters | |||
| 종도리 | 終OO | jong-dori | ridge purlin | the purlin at the apex of the roof | |||
| 중도리 | 中OO | jung-dori | middle purlin | a purlin located midway up the roof | |||
| 주심도리 | 柱心OO | jusim-dori | column-top purlin | a purlin located above the column | |||
| 장혀 | OO | janghyeo | purlin support | a support placed underneath the entire purlin lengthwise | |||
| 단장혀 | OOO | dan-janghyeo | short purlin support | a support placed lengthwise underneath a purlin, but only extends the length of the bracket below | |||
| 보 | 보 | bo | crossbeam | a piece spanning the depth of the structure; the number of crossbeams depends on the width of the structure (i.e. how many kan/pillars wide it is) | |||
| 대들보 | daedeul-bo | main crossbeam | a large wood piece spanning the depth of the structure at the height where the walls and roof meet | ||||
| 중보 | jung-bo | collar crossbeam | a piece spanning the depth of the structure above the main beam | ||||
| 종보 | jong-bo | ridge crossbeam | a piece spanning the depth of the structure above the collar beam, just below the apex of the roof | ||||
| 툇보 | twoet-bo | external crossbeam | a beam which extends along the line of the main beam outward past the column | ||||
| 공 | 공 | gong | bracket | used in words relating to the roof bracket structure and its parts | |||
| 초익공 | cho-ik-gong | single-wing bracket (style) | |||||
| 이익공 | i-ikgong | double-wing bracket (style) | |||||
| 공포 | gongpo | complex bracket (style) | |||||
| 주심포 | jusim-po | column-top complex bracket (style) | |||||
| 다포 | da-po | multiple complex bracket (style) | |||||
| 주두 | judu | column-top (bracket) support | |||||
| 익공 | ik-gong | bracket wing | |||||
| 첨자 | cheomja | bracket arm | |||||
| 살미 | salmi | (cantilevered, ornamented) bracket wing | |||||
| 안초공 | ancho-gong | base bracket wing | |||||
| 소로 | soro | (bracket) support | |||||
| 양갈소로 | yanggal-soro | single-groove (bracket) support | |||||
| 네갈소로 | negal-soro | intersecting-groove (bracket) support |
