"한국건축용어"의 두 판 사이의 차이

소개 Overview

There are many terms unique to Korean architecture which are difficult to translate and explain. This page serves as an overview of key terms needed to understand Korean architecture, along with suggestions for English translation of these terms as well as explanations. The terms include both the parts/pieces involved in Korean architecture, as well as styles of architecture. When possible, photos or diagrams have been included.

In Korean building architecture, there are three main sections: roof (지붕, jibung), wall (벽, byeok), and foundation (기단, gidan). These each correspond respectively to heaven (천, 天, cheon), human (인, 人, in), and earth (지, 地, ji). Harmony within this triad of heaven-human-earth (천인지, 天人地, cheoninji) is central to East Asian philosophy and can be seen in prominently in the theory behind Korean architecture. Thus, the following architecture terms have been grouped by these three classic sections. However, there are some terms (including prefixes and root words) which can be seen throughout the entire structure, and these will be explained separately as "general terms."

There is a separate glossary for terms referring specifically to hanok, including the various quarters and rooms: Hanok Glossary. Additional glossaries can be found at Korean Cultural Heritage Glossary.

용어 선택 Terminology Selection

When selecting appropriate English translations for the Korean terminology, we looked at three factors:
1) existing translations of the term^[1]
2) equivalent terms in Western architecture in relation to structural function and location,
3) and the prevalence of the word.

When existing translations were satisfactory, we kept them.

When existing terms were unsatisfactory, we tried to to find equivalent terms in Western architecture. We sought a balance between picking terms that held the same function as the Korean term, along with ones that had a similar location in the structure. For example, the term changbang refers to a piece of wood that interlocks with the columns at the top of the column, serving the function of maintaining the distance between columns (basically locking them in place) and serving as the top frame of the wall. However, since the space between the columns itself is like a window, we chose the word lintel (the piece that spans across the top of a window) to refer to the changbang because it, too, spans the gap between columns. In this way, we had to make some compromises, choosing words that look like or are located in a similar place in Western architecture, but serve a slightly different structural function. Finally, we considered the prevalence of the term, i.e. whether the term is known by ordinary people, or whether it terminology only experts know. While choosing accurate terms is important, if the average reader has never seen the word before, it is not very helpful to convey the message. Therefore, when possible, we tried to use more common and more simple terminology, although this was not possible all the time.

기본 용어 General Terms

Table

국문 (Korean)	한문 (Hanja)	로마자 (Romanization)	국문 해설 (Korean Explanation)	영문 (English)	영문 해설 (English Explanation)	이미지 (Image)
주	柱	ju		column	used in terms relating to the columns, either denoting a column itself, a piece that is column-shaped, or a piece's location in relation to the column	파일:Ju.gif []
주심	柱心	jusim		column-top	lit. column heart; located in the same line (i.e. above) the column, as opposed to being to the side of the column, or to the inside or outside of the column	파일:Jusim.gif []
주간	柱間	jugan		between columns	lit. column space-between; located in the sections between columns	파일:Jugan.gif []
종	宗	jong		ridge	located at or near the apex of the roof	파일:Jong.gif []
중	中	jung		middle	lit. middle, center; located between two other similar pieces	파일:Jong.gif []
툇	-	toet		external	outside the main structure; can be used to describe a porch/floor (마루 maru) or a beam (보 bo)	파일:Toet.gif []
내출목	內出木	naechulmok		internal, inner	lit. inner exit wood; used to describe parts of the roof (esp. bracket) which lie to the inside of the line of the column	파일:Naechulmok.gif []
외출목	外出木	oechulmok		external, outer	lit. outer exit wood; used to describe parts of the roof (esp. bracket) which lie to the outside of the line of the column	파일:Oechulmok.gif []
마루	--	maru		floor, ridge	used to describe 1) a wooden floor used as a hall or porch, or 2) the ridge of the roof	[]
공	工	gong		bracket	used in words relating to the roof bracket structure and its parts	파일:Gong.gif []
칸(간)	間	kan (gan)		kan, bay	lit. space-between; kan refers to the space between columns and is the basic unit of measure for Korean architecture (i.e. 4 kan wide by 5 kan deep)[2]	파일:Kan.gif []

Diagrams

지붕부 Roof Section

Table

분류 (Type)	국문 (Korean)	한문 (Hanja)	로마자 (Romanization)	국문 해설 (Korean Explanation)	영문 (English)	영문 해설 (English Explanation)	이미지 (Image)
형태 (type)	맞배지붕	----	matbae jibung		gable roof	a roof which only has a main ridge, with the sides not extending outward at all	[1]
	팔작지붕[3]	八作--	paljak jibung		hip-and-gable roof[4]	a roof which slopes down and then out, resulting in three ridge lines and a small triangular shape at the side of the roof	파일:Paljak jibung .gif []
	우진각지붕	隅-角--	ujingak jibung		hip roof	a roof which extends directly outward, resulting in two ridge lines	[]
	용마루	龍--	yong maru		(dragon, main) ridge	lit. dragon ridge; the top ridge of the roof	파일:Yong maru.gif []
	내림마루	----	naerim maru	팔작지붕의 박공이 걸리는 지붕의 양쪽 끝에 행기는 지붕마루 [5]	gable ridge	lit. descending ridge; a downward sloping ridge connecting the main ridge and the hip ridge, only found in hip-and-gable roofs	파일:Naerim maru.gif []
	추녀마루	----	chunyeo maru	건물의 모서리에 45도 방향으로 추녀 위에 만들어지는 지붕마루. 추녀가 없는 맞배지붕에는 존재하지 않는다 [6]	hip ridge	lit. hip rafter ridge; an outward sloping ridge	파일:Chunyeo maru.gif []
보 (crossbeam)	보	梁	bo		crossbeam	a piece spanning the depth of the structure [7]	파일:Daedeulbo.gif []
	대들보	大(들)梁	daedeulbo		main crossbeam	a large wood piece spanning the depth of the structure at the height where the walls and roof meet	파일:Daedeulbo.gif []
	중보	中梁	jungbo		collar crossbeam	a piece spanning the depth of the structure above the main beam	파일:Jungbo.gif []
	종보	宗梁	jongbo		ridge crossbeam	a piece spanning the depth of the structure above the collar beam, just below the apex of the roof	파일:Jongbo.gif []
	툇보	-梁	toetbo		external crossbeam	a beam which extends along the line of the main beam outward past the column	파일:Toetbo.gif []
	대공	-梁	daegong		ridge post	a small post which acts as a support between the collar crossbeam and the ridge crossbeam	파일:Daegong.gif []
	동자주	-梁	dongjaju		child post	a small post which acts as a support between the main crossbeam and collar crossbeam	파일:Dongjaju.gif []
방(枋) (lintel)	창방	昌枋	changbang		lintel	a lateral piece of wood that runs across the front of the structure between the tops of the columns to secure the space between the columns	파일:Changbang.gif []
	뜬창방	-昌枋	ddeun changbang		upper lintel	same as a regular lintel, but it secures the space not between columns, but between other parts of the structure, higher up in the roof	파일:Ddeun changbang.gif []
	평방	平枋	pyeongbang		flat lintel	a piece of wood laid horizontally above the lintel to support the multiple complex brackets style	파일:Pyeongbang.gif []
공 (bracket)	공	工	gong		bracket	used in words relating to the roof bracket structure and its parts	파일:Gong.gif []
	초익공	初翼工	choikgong		single-wing bracket (style)	a bracket with a single level of bracket wings	파일:Choikgong.gif []
	이익공	二翼工	iikgong		double-wing bracket (style)	a bracket with two levels of bracket wings	파일:Iikgong.gif []
	공포	工包	gongpo		complex bracket (style)	a bracket with more than two bracket wings	파일:Gongpo.gif []
	주심포	柱心包	jusimpo		column-top complex bracket (style)	a bracket situated directly above a column; a bracket style in which brackets are only above the column, not in between	파일:Jusimpo.gif []
	다포	多包	dapo		multiple complex bracket (style)	a complex bracket style which is both on top of each column and in between columns	[2]
	주두	柱頭	judu		column-top (bracket) support	lit. column head; the support which secures the top of the column to the base of the bracket	파일:Judu.gif []
	익공	翼工	ikgong		bracket wing	lit. wing bracket; a piece of the interlocking bracket which runs front-to-back and often features decorative designs at the ends	파일:Ikgong.gif []
	첨자	--	cheomja		bracket arm	a piece of the interlocking bracket which runs laterally	파일:Cheomja.gif []
	살미	--	salmi		(cantilevered, ornamented) bracket wing	an ornamented and extending design at the end of the bracket wings	[]
	안초공	按草工	anchogong		base bracket wing	a bracket wing located below the column-top bracket support which interlocks with the column itself	파일:Anchogong.gif []
	소로	小櫨	soro		(bracket) support	a piece which secures and supports the intersecting pieces of the bracket	파일:Soro.gif []
	양갈소로	兩-小櫨	yanggal soro		single-groove (bracket) support	a bracket support with one groove (forming an l-shape)	파일:Yanggal soro.gif []
	네갈소로	--小櫨	negal soro		intersecting-groove (bracket) support	a bracket support with intersecting grooves (forming a t-shape)	파일:Negal soro.gif []
도리 (purlin)	도리	--	dori		purlin	a support running lengthwise which supports the rafters	파일:Dori.gif []
	종도리	宗--	jongdori		ridge purlin	the purlin at the apex of the roof	파일:Jongdori.gif []
	중도리	中--	jungdori		middle purlin	a purlin located midway up the roof	파일:Jungdori.gif []
	주심도리	柱心--	jusimdori		column-top purlin	a purlin located above the column	파일:Jusimdori.gif []
	장혀(장여)	長欐	janghyeo (jangyeo))		purlin support	a support placed underneath the entire purlin lengthwise	[3]
	단장혀(단장여)	短長欐	danjanghyeo (danjangyeo)		short purlin support	a support placed lengthwise underneath a purlin, but only extends the length of the bracket below	파일:Danjanghyeo.gif []
처마 (eave)	처마	--	cheoma		eave	the extension of the roof, including the rafters	파일:Cheoma.gif []
	홑처마	---	hotcheoma		single-layer eave	an eave with no rafter extensions	파일:Hotcheoma.gif []
	겹처마	---	gyeopcheoma		double-layer eave	an eave with rafter extensions	파일:Gyeopcheoma.gif []
	서까래	---	seokkarae		rafter	a piece (one of several internal beams) extending from the eaves to the apex of the roof	파일:Seokkarae.gif []
	부연	附椽/婦椽	buyeon		rafter extension	a rafter placed just above the regular rafter at the end of the rafter to further extend the roof	파일:Buyeon.gif []
	추녀	--	chunyeo		hip rafter	a large rafter which supports the roof hip	파일:Chunyeo.gif []
	사래	--	sarae		hip rafter extension	a large rafter that is placed above the hip rafter to extend the roof hip	파일:Sarae.gif []
	선자연	扇子椽	seonjayeon		fan-rib rafter	lit. fan child rafter; the fan-like shape of the rafters at the corner of a hip or hip-and-gable roof, including the hip rafter	파일:Seonjayeon.gif []

Diagrams

벽제부 Wall Section

Table

Diagrams

기단부 Foundation Section

Table

Diagrams

References

1. ↑ 1) Sigong Tech, Korean Cultural Heritage - Seen Through Pictures and Names, Sigong Tech, 2002.
   2) 문화재청(Cultural Heritage Administration), 쉽게 고친 문화재 용어 자료집, 문화재청, 2003.
   3) 한국국제교류재단(Korea Foundation), 한국문화재용어사전(Dictionary of Korean Art and Archaeology), Hollym International Corp., 2004.
2. ↑ If the term kan is used, it must be explained. If there is not enough space for an explanation, the term bay can be used instead of the word kan. However, the term bay itself is not widely used and is not an exact translation. Furthermore, the concept of measuring a structure's width by counting the spaces between columns may be confusing to Western audiences, who would more likely take note of the number of columns. Thus, in some cases, it may be appropriate to just refer to the number of columns, rather than the number of bays. I.e. a 4x2 kan building would be a 5x3 column building.
3. ↑ Not to be confused with 팔각지붕, a common misunderstanding
4. ↑ it is sometimes misinterpreted and mistranslated as "eight-sided roof."
5. ↑ http://www.ktam.or.kr/Word/WordList.asp?sWCate=8&WNo=194&sValue=&Page=1 고건축박물관
6. ↑ http://www.ktam.or.kr/Word/WordList.asp?sWCate=8&WNo=194&sValue=&Page=1 고건축박물관
7. ↑ The number of crossbeams depends on the width of the structure