"2018 GGHS Team 1"의 두 판 사이의 차이

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(→‎What is a cannon(Chongtong gun)?)
(→‎Activity pictures)
 
(7명의 사용자에 의한 132개의 중간 편집이 숨겨짐)
1번째 줄: 1번째 줄:
 
{{틀:2018GGHS}}
 
{{틀:2018GGHS}}
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=Introduction=
 
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<pre>A comparison of the Technology of Goryeo and Foreign Countries</pre>
 
  
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=Introduction=
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'''A comparison of the Technology of Goryeo and Foreign Countries.'''
 
==Motives for doing research==
 
==Motives for doing research==
 
Through the study of hidden technology from the Goryeo Dynasty that many people do not know about, by comparing the characteristics of the cannons and metal types of the Goryeo Dynasty with those of foreign cannons and metal types, we explained the excellence of the technology of the Goryeo Dynasty.
 
Through the study of hidden technology from the Goryeo Dynasty that many people do not know about, by comparing the characteristics of the cannons and metal types of the Goryeo Dynasty with those of foreign cannons and metal types, we explained the excellence of the technology of the Goryeo Dynasty.
18번째 줄: 18번째 줄:
 
At the same time in France a new lighter a cannon cast in bronze  was placed on a horse-drawn motorcycle carriage, which led to the emergence of field guns. The new mobile French field gun has introduced the concept of a trunnion, making it easier for guns to be placed on permanent cartwheels, allowing for relatively accurate aim and range expansion.
 
At the same time in France a new lighter a cannon cast in bronze  was placed on a horse-drawn motorcycle carriage, which led to the emergence of field guns. The new mobile French field gun has introduced the concept of a trunnion, making it easier for guns to be placed on permanent cartwheels, allowing for relatively accurate aim and range expansion.
  
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===The origin of the invention of metal types===
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===What is metal types===
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[[File:고려시대 금속활자.PNG|thumbnail|Metal type from the Goryeo Dynasty <ref> https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=2000469&cid=46717&categoryId=46763 [네이버 지식백과]고려시대 실물 금속활자 '복' </ref>]]
  
 
Existing woodblocks were difficult to keep because they are easily split and bent. And all of the characters were carved on the woodblocks, and the characters were printed on one woodblock-printed book, so that only one type of book could be printed.Metal types were invented to compensate for these shortcomings.
 
Existing woodblocks were difficult to keep because they are easily split and bent. And all of the characters were carved on the woodblocks, and the characters were printed on one woodblock-printed book, so that only one type of book could be printed.Metal types were invented to compensate for these shortcomings.
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The invention and use of metal types originated in Korea for the first time. however, there is no early records remaining, so it is unclear when it was invented and by whom.
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<ref>[네이버 지식백과] 금속활자
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https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=550986&cid=46669&categoryId=46669</ref>
  
 
=Middle Ages=
 
=Middle Ages=
26번째 줄: 33번째 줄:
 
When the magnitude of the force acting is the same, the longer the impact time, the greater the magnitude of the charge. Therefore, the formula F△t = I(the amount of charge) is established. For example, the longer the cannon is, the longer the shell flies. If powder is lit, impact will be applied to the shell, but the longer the gun is, the longer it will take to be impacted, causing the shell to fly further away.
 
When the magnitude of the force acting is the same, the longer the impact time, the greater the magnitude of the charge. Therefore, the formula F△t = I(the amount of charge) is established. For example, the longer the cannon is, the longer the shell flies. If powder is lit, impact will be applied to the shell, but the longer the gun is, the longer it will take to be impacted, causing the shell to fly further away.
  
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==European and Chinese cannon==
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[[File:S199504N032_img_02.jpg|thumbnail|Inside the Rochelt cannon, manufactured in the early 14th century<ref>과학동아http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032</ref>
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== European cannon==
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[[File:S199504N032_img_02.jpg|thumbnail|Inside the Rochelt cannon, manufactured in the early 14th century<ref>과학동아 http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032</ref>
 
]]
 
]]
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==The cannon of the Goryeo Dynasty==
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Among European cannons, a known internal structure was discovered in 1861, in Loshult, Sweden. It is believed to have been used in the 14th century and is a cannon barrel with a length of 310mm and a muzzle of 36mm.
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<Kyung Hee Cannon>
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Kyung Hee Cannon is presumed to be independent.  
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The internal structure of the cannon, which is made of bronze, becomes narrower as it enters from a cannon and expands again in a medicine cabinet that explodes. And there is a hole in the medicine cabinet for inserting the ignition wire.
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Among Korea's old cannons currently in existence, the cannon, which is believed to be made at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, is  two bronze cannon stored in the Kyung Hee University Museum. The cannon is a typical form of the 14th century, when it becomes narrower as it enters from the entrance and expands significantly in the area of gunpowder. The outer shape has a joint at the entrance to the beak and one at the front and one at the back of the gunpowder bottle.  
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It seems that cannons with this internal structure were used in Europe around the 14th century. These cannons used arrows as launches, with the wings of iron and leather attached to the middle of the arrows, which are well represented in the drawing of the book, which was published in 1326.
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[[File:S199504N032_img_01.jpg|thumbnail|Kyung Hee Cannon internal structure<ref>과학동아http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032</ref>
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At the shooting scene, the powder can be filled in the medicine cabinet, the back of the arrow is inserted through the gun, and the powder can be set on fire. The arrow that is inserted into the muzzle by the explosive force is fired forward.
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<ref>과학동아
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http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032</ref>
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==Chinese cannon==
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[[File:21564C46550ACB8831.png|thumbnail|Chinese soldiers firing cannon<ref>http://yoosi0211.tistory.com/entry/인류의-역사를-바꾼-중국의-화약-발명</ref>]]
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Among the small cannons in China, the earliest cannon with internal structure announced to date is a small cannon made in bronze in the 11th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1351).
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The internal structure of the designated 11-year cannon barrel with a length of 435mm, a muzzle of 30mm and a weight of 4.75kg which is composed of a bureau portion for inserting an arrow, a medicine cabinet for filling gunpowder, and a soldier holding a handle, like a Swedish roulette cannon, the bureau is gradually getting narrower from the muzzle to the side of the muzzle, and is shaped like a widening of the mouth. The outer shape has one node at the entrance of the bureau, two in the middle, and one each in front of and behind medicine cabinet.
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The inscription text on the cannon “Fire breaks through all kinds of armor, and sound travels throughout the sky.” It is engraved with the words " mystery " in the middle section, and the inscription " Cheonsan(Sky mountain) " in the main hall. This early Chinese cannon barrel had a wooden sack attached to the rear part of the troop, and a wooden sack used by both hands.
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<ref>과학동아
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http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032</ref>
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==The Goryeo cannons==
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<Gyeonghui cannon>
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Gyeonghui cannon is presumed to be independent.  
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Among Korea's old cannons currently in existence, the cannon, which is believed to be made at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, is  two bronze cannon stored in the Gyeonghui University Museum. The cannon is a typical form of the 14th century, when it becomes narrower as it enters from the entrance and expands significantly in the area of gunpowder. The outer shape has a joint at the entrance to the bureau and one at the front and one at the back of the gunpowder bottle.  
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[[File:S199504N032_img_01.jpg|thumbnail|Gyeonghui cannon internal structure<ref>과학동아  http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032</ref>
 
]]
 
]]
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[[File:4.jpg|thumbnail|Kyung Hee Cannon<ref>[네이버 지식백과] 고려의 화약병기 - 함포전술로 해전 양상에 새로운 변화를 가져온 (무기의 세계)
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[[File:4.jpg|thumbnail|Gyeonghui cannon<ref>[네이버 지식백과] 고려의 화약병기 - 함포전술로 해전 양상에 새로운 변화를 가져온 (무기의 세계)
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https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=3573911&cid=59087&categoryId=59087</ref>]]
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https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=3573911&cid=59087&categoryId=59087</ref>]]
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Kyung Hee cannon have the same internal structure as the Rochelt cannon in Sweden and China's 14th century cannon. However, it is different from the structure of the Korean cannon, which appears in the latter part of King Sejong. Therefore, Kyung Hee Cannon may be thought to be from China, but considering that the size of the artillery gun in the early period of China was 300 to 400 ㎜ or more than the Kyung Hee cannon, it is assumed the oldest cannon made in Goryeo.
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Gyeonghui cannon have the similar internal structure as the Rochelt cannon in Sweden and China's 14th century cannon. However, it is different from the structure of the Korean cannon, which appears in the latter part of King Sejong. Therefore, Gyeonghui cannon may be thought to be from China, but considering that the size of the artillery gun in the early period of China was 300 to 400 ㎜ or more than the Gyeonghui cannon, it is assumed the oldest cannon made in Goryeo.
  
 
The shooting sight of the cannon fills the medicine barrel of the cannon, inserts the back of the arrow through the gun, lights the signal line, and burns off the powder of the gun. The explosive force produces an arrow that is inserted into the barrel.
 
The shooting sight of the cannon fills the medicine barrel of the cannon, inserts the back of the arrow through the gun, lights the signal line, and burns off the powder of the gun. The explosive force produces an arrow that is inserted into the barrel.
  
  
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<juhwa>
 
<juhwa>
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Choi Moo-seon also made the nation's first rocket, ' Juhwa ', which means ' Running Fire. ' "Juhwa " refers to putting gunpowder into a paper container made by rolling it, and the powder inside the paper barrel burns, and the combustion gases are blown back by force.  
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Choi Mu-seon also made the nation's first rocket, ' Juhwa ', which means ' Running Fire. ' "Juhwa " refers to putting gunpowder into a paper container made by rolling it, and the powder inside the paper barrel burns, and the combustion gases are blown back by force.  
  
 
<general’s cannon,second commander’s cannon>
 
<general’s cannon,second commander’s cannon>
 
As a distribution gun used to send arrows and bullets far away from the blast, it was used to strike and destroy enemy castles, gates, walls, and warships
 
As a distribution gun used to send arrows and bullets far away from the blast, it was used to strike and destroy enemy castles, gates, walls, and warships
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<A signal shell>
 
<A signal shell>
 
This is a signal fire that can be used to set up a camp with the sound of explosion, fire and smoke that are emitted at launch, or exchange signals between the fortress and the camp.
 
This is a signal fire that can be used to set up a camp with the sound of explosion, fire and smoke that are emitted at launch, or exchange signals between the fortress and the camp.
  
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Although none of the gunpowder manufactured by Choi Moo-seon can be confirmed on the scale and structure of the weapons, it is certain that they are the foundation of the nation's gunpowder weapons. Choi Moo-sun's contribution to the nation through the development of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons is beyond comparison with anyone's achievements.
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Although none of the gunpowder manufactured by Choi Mu-seon can be confirmed on the scale and structure of the weapons, it is certain that they are the foundation of the nation's gunpowder weapons. Choi Mu-seon's contribution to the nation through the development of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons is beyond comparison with anyone's achievements.
  
 
<ref>[네이버 지식백과] 고려의 화약병기 - 함포전술로 해전 양상에 새로운 변화를 가져온 (무기의 세계)
 
<ref>[네이버 지식백과] 고려의 화약병기 - 함포전술로 해전 양상에 새로운 변화를 가져온 (무기의 세계)
57번째 줄: 89번째 줄:
 
<ref>과학동아
 
<ref>과학동아
 
http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032</ref>
 
http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032</ref>
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==German metal movable types==
 
==German metal movable types==
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==The metal movable types from the Goryeo Dynasty==
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German metal type was invented by Gutenberg. Gutenberg invented the technology of type, taking advantage of his experience at the Mint in mainz.
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[[File:220px-Gutenberg.jpg|thumbnail|He is  Gutenberg<ref> https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%98%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B5%AC%ED%85%90%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC</ref>]]
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The process of printing in metal type is 1. Lead type making 2. Plate making 3. Ink application 4. Printing with printing press. Gutenberg's metal types consisted of alloys of lead, tin, and antimony, and were made by pouring an alloy melted into a finely crafted type mold. made type was kept in a box divided into various and Pick up the things you need to imprint a page and put them on wooden plank. When wooden plank was full, that tied it up above correction iron and arranged it in a wooden plate shape. Gutenberg combined black ink, terepin and linseed oil to combine non-spreading ink. Gutenberg modified a wine compressor to make the first printing press. He used a typesetting stick to rearrange metal types to fit page strings and shapes. This was fixed in metal form and attached to the surface of the platen on top of the printing press. Then, put the paper on the plate, lower the weight of the bar soaked in ink, and push down on the hand - able heavy screw, so that the contents on the plate are evenly.
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[[File:Metal_movable_type_edit.jpg|thumbnail|German movable metal type<ref> https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%9C%EC%9E%90</ref>]]
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German metal types use lead that melts at 360 degrees, so everything is simple and type is made quickly. Also, Gutenberg's method of making metal types matched shape and size castings thanks to the use of steel molds and making machines. Even if frame of form was destroyed, it could be produced again as long as it had Hammer. In addition, it uses a press that was used to squeeze existing wine and oil to facilitate mass printing. Good printing of type requires sufficient pressure, but the labor force had limitations. In the East, about 40 copies can be taken in one edition all day, but in the West, printing presses can produce several hundred copies a day. The European alphabet has 26 letters. Even though you can distinguish upper and lower case letters and have separate decorative fonts, there are only a few that need to be made. Due to the nature of the alphabet, which states that voice can be written instantly, it was also easy to prevent illiteracy because it was possible to communicate only by knowing the alphabet and spelling out the words in one's own language.
  
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○ Process for making metal types in the Goryeo Dynasty
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In Germany, a pioneer in printing type, 'the 42nd bible' was more practical in spreading culture through books by publishing and distributing the Bible for anyone to see after publication. As many people began to read the Bible, the irregularities of the church were discovered, and in 1517, a religious reform was carried out by Luther. Also, the upper classes, which accumulated wealth through industrial development, turned to education and eventually led to the eradication of illiteracy, which led to the creation of universities. And democracy was achieved by highly educated intellectuals. As such, Gutenberg's influence was huge from the viewpoint of civilization and history.
  
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1. It is carved into the wax one by one letter to form 어미자.
 
  
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2. Wrap the wax and then form a mold.
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<ref>https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1979515&cid=62347&categoryId=62395</ref>
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<ref>http://www.cheongju.go.kr/jikjiworld/contents.do?key=17512</ref>
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<ref>https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%98%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4%20%EA%B5%AC%ED%85%90%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC</ref>
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<ref>https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1625305&cid=42192&categoryId=42209 [네이버 지식백과] 서양의 금속활자 인쇄 (인쇄 역사, 2013. 2. 25., 커뮤니케이션북스)</ref>
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<ref>http://www.ccdn.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=506037#09SX</ref>
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<ref>https://cafe.naver.com/happyibook/475672
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[네이버 지식백과] 인쇄기 [Printing Press] (1%를 위한 상식백과, 2014. 11. 15.)
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https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=4368722&cid=59926&categoryId=59926</ref>
  
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3. Pour molten iron from copper, tin, and lead into a mold.
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==Metal movable type from the Goryeo Dynasty==
  
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4. Remove and polish metal types made from molten iron.
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● The character of metal type
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5. Arrange the types according to what you want to print.
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6. Put ink on the type face and paper over it.
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○ The character of metal type
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It was made of metal so it could be stored for a long time.
 
It was made of metal so it could be stored for a long time.
86번째 줄: 120번째 줄:
  
 
It is a traditional craft that shows the excellence of our nation.
 
It is a traditional craft that shows the excellence of our nation.
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● Process for making metal types in the Goryeo Dynasty
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① It is carved into the wax one by one letter to form 어미자.
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② Wrap the wax and then form a mold.
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③ Pour molten iron from copper, tin, and lead into a mold.
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④ Remove and polish metal types made from molten iron.
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⑤ Arrange the types according to what you want to print.
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⑥ Put ink on the type face and paper over it.
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<gallery>
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File:①.png|①Make 어미자
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<ref> http://koc.chunjae.co.kr/Dic/dicDetail.do?idx=41175 </ref>
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File:②.png|②Making Molds
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<ref> http://koc.chunjae.co.kr/Dic/dicDetail.do?idx=41175 </ref>
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File:③.png|③Pouring molten iron
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<ref> http://koc.chunjae.co.kr/Dic/dicDetail.do?idx=41175 </ref>
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File:④.png|④Type removal
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<ref> http://koc.chunjae.co.kr/Dic/dicDetail.do?idx=41175 </ref>
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File:⑤.png|⑤Typing
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<ref>http://koc.chunjae.co.kr/Dic/dicDetail.do?idx=41175</ref>
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File:⑥.png|⑥Printing
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<ref>http://koc.chunjae.co.kr/Dic/dicDetail.do?idx=41175</ref>
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</gallery>
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<ref>[천재학습백과] 고려 시대 금속 활자
 
<ref>[천재학습백과] 고려 시대 금속 활자
96번째 줄: 162번째 줄:
 
==Modern technology==
 
==Modern technology==
 
===3D Printer===
 
===3D Printer===
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[[File:3dprinter.png|thumbnail|This is a photo of a 3D printer.<ref>The is is the reference</ref>]]
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[[File:3dprinter.png|thumbnail|150px|3D printer.<ref>최윤섭의 Healthcare Innovation|3D 프린터가 맞춤 의료에 불러온 파괴적 혁신들|2014.04.20|
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http://www.yoonsupchoi.com/2014/04/20/3d-printer-medical-innovation</ref>]]
 
Today, a three-dimensional printer(3D - printer) has been created combining traditional printing technology with the wisdom of our ancestors.
 
Today, a three-dimensional printer(3D - printer) has been created combining traditional printing technology with the wisdom of our ancestors.
 
Three-dimensional printing is a manufacturing technique that produces three-dimensional objects by spraying a continuous layer of matter.
 
Three-dimensional printing is a manufacturing technique that produces three-dimensional objects by spraying a continuous layer of matter.
102번째 줄: 169번째 줄:
 
<ref>프리미엄 조선|1000년간 가장 중요한 발명은 금속활자?|공미라(세계사 저술가)| 2014.02.21.|http://premium.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/02/20/2014022004605.html</ref>
 
<ref>프리미엄 조선|1000년간 가장 중요한 발명은 금속활자?|공미라(세계사 저술가)| 2014.02.21.|http://premium.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/02/20/2014022004605.html</ref>
  
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===Missiles===
 
===Missiles===
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[[File:misslies.png|thumbnail|This is a photo of a Missiles.<ref>[123RF] 하늘에서 미사일의 3d 그림 (Esteban De Armas)  
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[[File:misslies.png|thumbnail|150px|Missiles.<ref>[123RF] 하늘에서 미사일의 3d 그림 (Esteban De Armas)
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https://kr.123rf.com/%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A1%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%84/%EB%AF%B8%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%BC.html?imgtype=0&alttext=1&cko=1&start=400&sti=nul22rnd7fnyrzsgqv|&mediapopup=61674362</ref>]]]]
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https://kr.123rf.com/%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A1%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%84/%EB%AF%B8%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%BC.html?imgtype=0&alttext=1&cko=1&start=400&sti=nul22rnd7fnyrzsgqv|&mediapopup=61674362</ref>]]
  
 
The rocket weapons, including cannon, have at present developed into missiles. A missile is a generic term for a weapon that is driven by a rocket, jet engine, etc. and is guided until the target is reached at the point of induction. A missiles don't just shoot at targets like shells and fly away.also it's got an induction device inside it After it's launched, it measures its speed and direction. Missiles have the ability to hit the target by as amended it.
 
The rocket weapons, including cannon, have at present developed into missiles. A missile is a generic term for a weapon that is driven by a rocket, jet engine, etc. and is guided until the target is reached at the point of induction. A missiles don't just shoot at targets like shells and fly away.also it's got an induction device inside it After it's launched, it measures its speed and direction. Missiles have the ability to hit the target by as amended it.
116번째 줄: 182번째 줄:
 
<ref>[네이버 지식백과] 미사일 (시사상식사전, 박문각)  
 
<ref>[네이버 지식백과] 미사일 (시사상식사전, 박문각)  
 
https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=73115&cid=43667&categoryId=43667</ref>
 
https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=73115&cid=43667&categoryId=43667</ref>
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=Students=
 
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===2018 GGHS Team 1.Yerim Kim===
 
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Ganghwa Island has a lot of historic tourist attractions. and I have lived in Ganghwa Island for quite a while. Ganghwa Island, which was the capital of Goryeo has such a wide variety of relics so that it is called a " roofless museum. " Despite I have lived in Ganghwa island for a long time but many of the historic tourist attractions what I see on my way to school or academy were not very inspiring to me. Also, even when my relative sister came to Ganghwa Island for a school excursion, I though “is there any reason to visit to Ganghwa island for excursion?” so I participated in this camp because I wanted to know more about Ganghwa Island and Goryeo that I mostly ignored them. and also to achieve my interesting in Goryeo. In fact, I think many people know about scientific technology about Joseon, But if you ask questions about the technology of the Goryeo Dynasty to them most people will not be able to answer it. This is because there are not many relics from the Goryeo Dynasty in South Korea, and books also rarely come down. Most of the relics of the Goryeo Dynasty that remain on the Korean Peninsula exist in North Korea. So I hope that through my quest, many people will be interested and excited. about the technology that we did not know about during the Goryeo Dynasty.
 
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So I'm going to have to do looking for scientific excellence in the cannons and metal types of Goryeo Dynasty. and learn about the technology that protected the nation with cannons and metal types that helped people to promote their knowledge. In plain words, The metal type of Goryeo Dynasty was made of metal. After combining metal types and If you dip it in ink, you can easily create multiple books. This is faster than writing in a hand, and also It is convenient because it does not wear out like wood type. However, advanced technology is needed to make metal types. Korea is the first country in the world to make metal types. It is already known worldwide that the history of Goryeo in the invention and use of metal types. Next, I would like to look at the topic of cannon what I usually focused on. A cannon is a weapon that fires an object using the explosive power of a gunpowder. In other words, It was used to protect nation from the war. Choi Mu-seon has learned how to make gunpowder from China. After that the cannons were developed. Various gunpowder weapons made by the Choi Moo-seon can be divided into launchers, firings, bombs and rocket-type firearms. The results were most valuable in the battle against Japanese troops in August 1380. The Japanese were completely wiped out by Lee Seong-gye, a three-degree Chief Border Inspector who was ordered to Goryeo royal court. As you can see from these typical battles, it was a battle using the best gunpowder and weapons. The oldest cannon known in Korea is the chongtong of Kyunghee, which is presumed to have been made from the end of the Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon period at the latest, at least before king Sejong.
 
−
 
−
===2018 GGHS Team 2.Jeonga Park===
 
−
===2018 GGHS Team 3.Sumin Yu===
 
−
why did I join this camp(expectations)
 
−
I thought how efficient it would be to write things that I learned while studying English. Also, I wanted to experience various cultures and broaden my thinking by talking with foreigners outside my country. So, through this global camp, I wanted to experience various cultures by reducing the burden of speaking English and talking about daily life freely and comfortably. And I wanted to let foreigners know this topic 'Goryeo' because it was a very valuable history and it contained a lot of value. Therefore, as a proud Korean citizen of our country, I hope our country will be recognized from abroad.
 
−
Through this global camp, I will talk about a topic with foreigners, experience a variety of ideas, and have a more open mind. We will also work with our team members to prepare for the presentation, fulfill our roles responsibly and learn how to collaborate efficiently through the Media Wiki. And we will be able to make our results visible to anyone, thus making our nation more valuable.
 
−
why did I choose this topic
 
−
In fact, I am more interested in science than in history. But I wanted to take this opportunity to explore the convergence of history and science. There is much that can be gained from past technology. If you look at the inventions of the past and see why they were invented, and how they influenced our ancestors ' lives, if you apply them to the present era, you will be inspired to think about ways to think about them. There are many inventions that can see wisdom of our ancestors in our country. And most famous of all, during the Goryeo Dynasty, metal types and cannon were used. But I wanted to explore more because I didn't know the exact details of the scientific principles and the background. Also, since it is a global camp, if we compare it with other countries and find out what our inventions have and should complement, we will learn more.
 
−
what did I know about the topic before
 
−
Metal types were invented in Korea during the Goryeo Dynasty, before Germany. Print a combination of metal types. The first book to be made with these metal types was Jikji. cannon was first developed by Choi Moo-seon in Korea during the Goryeo Dynasty. cannon was the first to develop in China, but thanks to Choi Moo-seon's development of the cannon, Goryeo was able to resist Japanese invasion. In addition, they set up a " hwatul dictionary " to promote the development of cannon.
 
−
what did I learn until now
 
−
The shooting sight of the cannon fills the medicine barrel of the cannon, inserts the back of the arrow through the gun, lights the signal line, and burns off the powder of the gun. The explosive force produces an arrow that is inserted into the barrel. Choi Moo-seon also made the nation's first rocket, ' Juhwa ', which means ' Running Fire. ' "Juhwa " refers to putting gunpowder into a paper container made by rolling it, and the powder inside the paper barrel burns, and the combustion gases are blown back by force.
 
−
Although none of the gunpowder manufactured by Choi Moo-seon can be confirmed on the scale and structure of the weapons, it is certain that they are the foundation of the nation's gunpowder weapons. Choi Moo-sun's contribution to the nation through the development of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons is beyond comparison with anyone's achievements.
 
−
Mongolia's use of gunpowder
 
−
From a military perspective, it was important for the Mongolian military to prepare for an attack based on abundant intelligence, but the Mongolian military introduced a gunpowder weapon that was just being used in combat.
 
−
Mongolia's use of gunpowder was noted as an important issue that dealt a decisive blow to the armed forces. If Mongolia's gunpowder weapons were used in the Jindo battle, they should be considered to have been used in the next attack on the South Korean military on Jeju Island.
 
−
After the armed forces were completely crushed in Jeju Island in 1273, Mongolia began to fight against the Japanese government in 1274. In this fight, a new weapon used by the Japanese army, which attracts attention.
 
−
The use of gunpowder in Jindo Island and in the fight on Jeju Island is suspected, even when the Korean military invaded Japan at a time of only one year or years. And records such as " The fire and the attack on Jeju Island caused the enemy to fall down in surprise, " may also be related to the use of gunpowder.
 
−
my role
 
−
By comparing the guns of Goryeo and other countries, we look for things to complement and complement our own creativity and find out the physical principles that are used in the cannon
 
−
what do expect from this forum
 
−
We could examine and compare not only the cannon of Goryeo but also other countries. I do not think our country is better unconditionally and I have a position to respect each characteristic. Through these various investigations, we can have an open mind to prepare for the global era. Also I could see wisdom by looking at various inventions from the Goryeo Dynasty and have developed pride in our country. I will become a person who helps our country by building more knowledge and creativity. " I also worked with my friends, told things which could not understand each other, came up with ideas, and developed a sense of cooperation in my role.
 
−
 
−
===2018 GGHS Team 4.Hyoeun Kim===
 
−
The reason why I joined global camp is I usually find English difficult, but I wanted to have confidence in English through this global camp and help my engineering field, Jinro by exploring about technology. I hope my English conversation skills improve as I speak English with teachers. Also, I hope to improve my English skills and develop confidence in English. I hope it will help my future by researching and learning about technology. I choose because I could learn a lot about the science and technology of the Goryeo Dynasty by studying cannon and metal types. I knew what cannon was used for, how it was used, how to make metal types, and the background of metal types used during the Goryeo Dynasty. And I knew about Gutenberg in Germany. I learned more about cannon and the scientific principles of cannon. By comparing cannon from the Goryeo Dynasty to that of China and Europe, we also learned about the pros and cons of each other. I learned more about metal types from the Goryeo Dynasty, especially about the background, how they were made, the merits, and the influence of metal types from Germany. I think I understood the cannons and metal types better by doing my own search. My role in the team is to research about metal types in Germany and make an announcement about metal types in Germany. Through global camp, I can get interested in English and have confidence in my presentation. By working with the team, I was able to develop a sense of community and cooperation. Also I learned more about the technology of the Goryeo Dynasty and it seems to have helped my career.
 
−
 
−
===2018 GGHS Team 5.Yeaeun Lee===
 
−
The reason why I joined the global camp is because I wanted to improve my English and spend my vacation in good condition. Actually, I thought if I should  participate in a global camp or not because it is a short vacation, but I got to participate this time because I didn't join it when I was in the first grade. During this camp, I will be able to learn a little bit about the technology of Goryeo and get a sense of achievement when I finish and present my assignments in three days. And the reason why our group chose Goryeo's science and technology as the topic was because we wanted to find the physical principles contained in it by getting to know its science and technology. Also, what he knew about cannon among Goryeo's scientific technologies was that it was made by the principal of action and reaction. However even so I did not know much about the cannon but when I investigated it, I realized that it was a rocket weapon. Also my role is to investigate a missile which is the current weapon involved in cannon and make ppt. Through this camp, I think I can gain patience with effort to study English with my poor English skills and our group can develop cooperative attitude by working together and completing one task.
 
−
 
−
===2018 GGHS Team 6.Hyewon Shin===
 
−
Before joining the global issue forum camp for the first time, I didn't know exactly what it was and thought it would be difficult. But I thought that I can learn something even though it's difficult. Also, I participated with the idea that ‘ Will this opportunity come again?’ and ‘Let's take this opportunity to improve my English skills.’ It was a difficult subject to me because of the subject that I had never been exposed to it and not having much data. But the kind and detailed explanations of the native English teachers and professor Kim Hyun's explanation touched me so deeply that I did not doze but listened very hard.
 
−
The reason why we chose the subject of ' Comparing the Science and Technology of the Koryo ' is because we are capable of the technology of the Goryeo Dynasty. and compared the characteristics of the guns and metal types with those of other countries. We thought this pocess would be an opportunity to explain the excellence of the technology of the Goryeo Dynasty. I also wanted to build various knowledge of Goryeo as we are now in Ganghwa, the capital of Goryeo. And I didn't study only our own, but also foreign comparison, and thought it would be a perfect subject for finding the excellence and security of our products. These ideas have led to the creation of the theme ‘Comparison of Scientific Technology between Korea and Foreign Countries.’
 
−
Our team divided science technology into cannon and metal types. The cannon was first invented in the Goryeo Dynasty by Choi Moo Seon. The challenge was to find out the physical characteristics of the cannons and find out what kind they were. Metal types were used to study what scientific technology was used and what characteristics compared to German type. I have never explored these two subjects in depth before, and the only knowledge I know is that  Goryeo's metal types are ahead of Germany. Although it was hard to explore a topic that lacked background knowledge, I felt myself very proud and growing. I take on a role of making ppt presentation material based on organized data. I also take on a role of finding how printing technology has developed in modern times. I learned a great deal from making presentations by simply compressing and organizing the materials that have come out so far and using the Media Wiki to do simple coding. There is a typical 3D printer in modern printing. Now we have a cutting edge in printing ideas as well as text messages. While searching for data, I also saw a lot of information about metal types from Goryeo. One of a document printed in metal type is Jikji. The metal type is made of brass. The reason for this is that the brass is satisfy the characteristics of  melting and slowly harding and free from ink damage. Also, paper used korean paper and ink used Yoo Yeon Mook. It is made of a mixture of soot , glue, and such as paulownia oil or redwood oil that is well coated on a smooth metal surface. This unique characteristic of Korea met the optimum conditions for good use of metal types. The tenacity, passion and wisdom of our ancestors, who finished each type manually, seem to have contributed to making the modern printer.
 
−
Through this camp, I hope to improve my English skills by talking with native English teachers and writing reports in English. My future hope is to be an air controller.  Because air traffic controllers need English, I hope this camp will help me in many ways. Also, I hope myself will be interested in the history of Korea and take pride in Ganghwa, which was the capital of Goryeo. Lastly, since our group subject is the science and technology of Goryeo, I hope it will be a camp where I can learn knowledge related to science.
 
  
 
=References=
 
=References=
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
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=Team Information=
 
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; width:700px"
 
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! style="width:20%" | Team Position || style="width:30%" | Name (English) || style="width:20%" | Name (Korean) || style="width:15%" | Student ID || style="width:15%" | Wiki ID
 
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|-
 
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| Teacher || [[2018 GGHS 1 Lina|Lina]] || 리나 ||  || myid1
 
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|-
 
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| Leader || [[2018 GGHS 1 Yerim Kim|Yerim Kim]] || 김예림 || 2704 || yearim205
 
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|-
 
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| Member || [[2018 GGHS 1 Jeonga Park|Jeonga Park]] || 박정아 || 2707 || qkrwjddk
 
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|-
 
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| Member || [[2018 GGHS 1 Sumin Yu|Sumin Yu]]|| 유수민 || 학번 || 위키id
 
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|-
 
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| Member || [[2018 GGHS 1 Hyoeun Kim|Hyoeun Kim]]|| 김효은 || 학번 || 위키id
 
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|-
 
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| Member || [[2018 GGHS 1 Yeaeun Lee|Yeaeun Lee]]|| 이예은 || 2416 || Yeaeun
 
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|-
 
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| Member || [[2018 GGHS 1 Hyewon Shin|Hyewon Shin]] || 신혜원 || 1611 || 신혜원
 
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|}
 
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*Each student should make their own page named '''2018 GGHS Team# NAME''', for example: [[2018 GGHS 1 Lina]].
 

2019년 1월 22일 (화) 20:06 기준 최신판

2018GGHS.png


Introduction

A comparison of the Technology of Goryeo and Foreign Countries.

Motives for doing research

Through the study of hidden technology from the Goryeo Dynasty that many people do not know about, by comparing the characteristics of the cannons and metal types of the Goryeo Dynasty with those of foreign cannons and metal types, we explained the excellence of the technology of the Goryeo Dynasty. As a student at Ganghwa Girls ' High School in Ganghwa Island, which was the capital of Goryeo, we wanted to accumulate diverse knowledge about the Goryeo Dynasty. As of 2018, the research was conducted to mark the 1100th anniversary of the founding of the Goryeo.

Background knowledge

What is a cannon(Chongtong gun)?

Cannons displayed in a Choi Moo Sun science museum[1]
  • A type of weapon used to fire arrows from the Goryeo Dynasty.
  • The chongtong gun is a cannon ball of the Joseon Dynasty. The names were divided according to the size, weight of gunpowder, the number of bullets, and the distance to which they were used, according to the order of 천자문(千子文) was separated by 천(天)·지(地)·현(玄)·황(黃)
  • A cannon is a large, uncarrying weapon with a large firing range and a greater range than the gun.

The stone cannon that was made in the 14th century was replaced by the steel one at the end of 15th century. At the same time in France a new lighter a cannon cast in bronze was placed on a horse-drawn motorcycle carriage, which led to the emergence of field guns. The new mobile French field gun has introduced the concept of a trunnion, making it easier for guns to be placed on permanent cartwheels, allowing for relatively accurate aim and range expansion.

What is metal types

Metal type from the Goryeo Dynasty [2]

Existing woodblocks were difficult to keep because they are easily split and bent. And all of the characters were carved on the woodblocks, and the characters were printed on one woodblock-printed book, so that only one type of book could be printed.Metal types were invented to compensate for these shortcomings.

The invention and use of metal types originated in Korea for the first time. however, there is no early records remaining, so it is unclear when it was invented and by whom.

[3]

Middle Ages

The physical principles of a cannon

When the magnitude of the force acting is the same, the longer the impact time, the greater the magnitude of the charge. Therefore, the formula F△t = I(the amount of charge) is established. For example, the longer the cannon is, the longer the shell flies. If powder is lit, impact will be applied to the shell, but the longer the gun is, the longer it will take to be impacted, causing the shell to fly further away.


European cannon

Inside the Rochelt cannon, manufactured in the early 14th century[4]

Among European cannons, a known internal structure was discovered in 1861, in Loshult, Sweden. It is believed to have been used in the 14th century and is a cannon barrel with a length of 310mm and a muzzle of 36mm.

The internal structure of the cannon, which is made of bronze, becomes narrower as it enters from a cannon and expands again in a medicine cabinet that explodes. And there is a hole in the medicine cabinet for inserting the ignition wire. It seems that cannons with this internal structure were used in Europe around the 14th century. These cannons used arrows as launches, with the wings of iron and leather attached to the middle of the arrows, which are well represented in the drawing of the book, which was published in 1326.

At the shooting scene, the powder can be filled in the medicine cabinet, the back of the arrow is inserted through the gun, and the powder can be set on fire. The arrow that is inserted into the muzzle by the explosive force is fired forward.


[5]

Chinese cannon

Chinese soldiers firing cannon[6]

Among the small cannons in China, the earliest cannon with internal structure announced to date is a small cannon made in bronze in the 11th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1351).

The internal structure of the designated 11-year cannon barrel with a length of 435mm, a muzzle of 30mm and a weight of 4.75kg which is composed of a bureau portion for inserting an arrow, a medicine cabinet for filling gunpowder, and a soldier holding a handle, like a Swedish roulette cannon, the bureau is gradually getting narrower from the muzzle to the side of the muzzle, and is shaped like a widening of the mouth. The outer shape has one node at the entrance of the bureau, two in the middle, and one each in front of and behind medicine cabinet.

The inscription text on the cannon “Fire breaks through all kinds of armor, and sound travels throughout the sky.” It is engraved with the words " mystery " in the middle section, and the inscription " Cheonsan(Sky mountain) " in the main hall. This early Chinese cannon barrel had a wooden sack attached to the rear part of the troop, and a wooden sack used by both hands.

[7]

The Goryeo cannons

<Gyeonghui cannon> Gyeonghui cannon is presumed to be independent. Among Korea's old cannons currently in existence, the cannon, which is believed to be made at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, is two bronze cannon stored in the Gyeonghui University Museum. The cannon is a typical form of the 14th century, when it becomes narrower as it enters from the entrance and expands significantly in the area of gunpowder. The outer shape has a joint at the entrance to the bureau and one at the front and one at the back of the gunpowder bottle.

Gyeonghui cannon internal structure[8]
Gyeonghui cannon[9]

Gyeonghui cannon have the similar internal structure as the Rochelt cannon in Sweden and China's 14th century cannon. However, it is different from the structure of the Korean cannon, which appears in the latter part of King Sejong. Therefore, Gyeonghui cannon may be thought to be from China, but considering that the size of the artillery gun in the early period of China was 300 to 400 ㎜ or more than the Gyeonghui cannon, it is assumed the oldest cannon made in Goryeo.

The shooting sight of the cannon fills the medicine barrel of the cannon, inserts the back of the arrow through the gun, lights the signal line, and burns off the powder of the gun. The explosive force produces an arrow that is inserted into the barrel.


<juhwa> Choi Mu-seon also made the nation's first rocket, ' Juhwa ', which means ' Running Fire. ' "Juhwa " refers to putting gunpowder into a paper container made by rolling it, and the powder inside the paper barrel burns, and the combustion gases are blown back by force.

<general’s cannon,second commander’s cannon> As a distribution gun used to send arrows and bullets far away from the blast, it was used to strike and destroy enemy castles, gates, walls, and warships

<A signal shell> This is a signal fire that can be used to set up a camp with the sound of explosion, fire and smoke that are emitted at launch, or exchange signals between the fortress and the camp.

Although none of the gunpowder manufactured by Choi Mu-seon can be confirmed on the scale and structure of the weapons, it is certain that they are the foundation of the nation's gunpowder weapons. Choi Mu-seon's contribution to the nation through the development of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons is beyond comparison with anyone's achievements.

[10] [11]

German metal movable types

German metal type was invented by Gutenberg. Gutenberg invented the technology of type, taking advantage of his experience at the Mint in mainz.

He is Gutenberg[12]

The process of printing in metal type is 1. Lead type making 2. Plate making 3. Ink application 4. Printing with printing press. Gutenberg's metal types consisted of alloys of lead, tin, and antimony, and were made by pouring an alloy melted into a finely crafted type mold. made type was kept in a box divided into various and Pick up the things you need to imprint a page and put them on wooden plank. When wooden plank was full, that tied it up above correction iron and arranged it in a wooden plate shape. Gutenberg combined black ink, terepin and linseed oil to combine non-spreading ink. Gutenberg modified a wine compressor to make the first printing press. He used a typesetting stick to rearrange metal types to fit page strings and shapes. This was fixed in metal form and attached to the surface of the platen on top of the printing press. Then, put the paper on the plate, lower the weight of the bar soaked in ink, and push down on the hand - able heavy screw, so that the contents on the plate are evenly.

German movable metal type[13]

German metal types use lead that melts at 360 degrees, so everything is simple and type is made quickly. Also, Gutenberg's method of making metal types matched shape and size castings thanks to the use of steel molds and making machines. Even if frame of form was destroyed, it could be produced again as long as it had Hammer. In addition, it uses a press that was used to squeeze existing wine and oil to facilitate mass printing. Good printing of type requires sufficient pressure, but the labor force had limitations. In the East, about 40 copies can be taken in one edition all day, but in the West, printing presses can produce several hundred copies a day. The European alphabet has 26 letters. Even though you can distinguish upper and lower case letters and have separate decorative fonts, there are only a few that need to be made. Due to the nature of the alphabet, which states that voice can be written instantly, it was also easy to prevent illiteracy because it was possible to communicate only by knowing the alphabet and spelling out the words in one's own language.

In Germany, a pioneer in printing type, 'the 42nd bible' was more practical in spreading culture through books by publishing and distributing the Bible for anyone to see after publication. As many people began to read the Bible, the irregularities of the church were discovered, and in 1517, a religious reform was carried out by Luther. Also, the upper classes, which accumulated wealth through industrial development, turned to education and eventually led to the eradication of illiteracy, which led to the creation of universities. And democracy was achieved by highly educated intellectuals. As such, Gutenberg's influence was huge from the viewpoint of civilization and history.


[14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]

Metal movable type from the Goryeo Dynasty

● The character of metal type

It was made of metal so it could be stored for a long time.

It was able to print different kinds of books by combining type with metal letters.

Goryeo made the world's first.

It is a traditional craft that shows the excellence of our nation.


● Process for making metal types in the Goryeo Dynasty

① It is carved into the wax one by one letter to form 어미자.

② Wrap the wax and then form a mold.

③ Pour molten iron from copper, tin, and lead into a mold.

④ Remove and polish metal types made from molten iron.

⑤ Arrange the types according to what you want to print.

⑥ Put ink on the type face and paper over it.

  • ①Make 어미자

  • ②Making Molds

  • ③Pouring molten iron

  • ④Type removal

  • ⑤Typing

  • ⑥Printing


[20]

[21]

Modern times

Modern technology

3D Printer

3D printer.[22]

Today, a three-dimensional printer(3D - printer) has been created combining traditional printing technology with the wisdom of our ancestors. Three-dimensional printing is a manufacturing technique that produces three-dimensional objects by spraying a continuous layer of matter. By using this, they were able to create objects in three dimensions, not in two dimensions. [23]


Missiles

Missiles.[24]

The rocket weapons, including cannon, have at present developed into missiles. A missile is a generic term for a weapon that is driven by a rocket, jet engine, etc. and is guided until the target is reached at the point of induction. A missiles don't just shoot at targets like shells and fly away.also it's got an induction device inside it After it's launched, it measures its speed and direction. Missiles have the ability to hit the target by as amended it. [25] [26] [27]

References

  1. ↑ 향토문화전자대전 http://www.grandculture.net/ko/Contents/Index
  2. ↑ https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=2000469&cid=46717&categoryId=46763 [네이버 지식백과]고려시대 실물 금속활자 '복'
  3. ↑ [네이버 지식백과] 금속활자 https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=550986&cid=46669&categoryId=46669
  4. ↑ 과학동아 http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032
  5. ↑ 과학동아 http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032
  6. ↑ http://yoosi0211.tistory.com/entry/인류의-역사를-바꾼-중국의-화약-발명
  7. ↑ 과학동아 http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032
  8. ↑ 과학동아 http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032
  9. ↑ [네이버 지식백과] 고려의 화약병기 - 함포전술로 해전 양상에 새로운 변화를 가져온 (무기의 세계) https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=3573911&cid=59087&categoryId=59087
  10. ↑ [네이버 지식백과] 고려의 화약병기 - 함포전술로 해전 양상에 새로운 변화를 가져온 (무기의 세계) https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=3573911&cid=59087&categoryId=59087
  11. ↑ 과학동아 http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032
  12. ↑ https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%98%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B5%AC%ED%85%90%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC
  13. ↑ https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%9C%EC%9E%90
  14. ↑ https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1979515&cid=62347&categoryId=62395
  15. ↑ http://www.cheongju.go.kr/jikjiworld/contents.do?key=17512
  16. ↑ https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%98%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4%20%EA%B5%AC%ED%85%90%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC
  17. ↑ https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1625305&cid=42192&categoryId=42209 [네이버 지식백과] 서양의 금속활자 인쇄 (인쇄 역사, 2013. 2. 25., 커뮤니케이션북스)
  18. ↑ http://www.ccdn.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=506037#09SX
  19. ↑ https://cafe.naver.com/happyibook/475672 [네이버 지식백과] 인쇄기 [Printing Press] (1%를 위한 상식백과, 2014. 11. 15.) https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=4368722&cid=59926&categoryId=59926
  20. ↑ [천재학습백과] 고려 시대 금속 활자 http://koc.chunjae.co.kr/Dic/dicDetail.do?idx=41175
  21. ↑ [네이버 지식백과] 세계를 놀라게 한 인쇄 기술 금속활자 https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=3555669&cid=47305&categoryId=47305
  22. ↑ 최윤섭의 Healthcare Innovation|3D 프린터가 맞춤 의료에 불러온 파괴적 혁신들|2014.04.20| http://www.yoonsupchoi.com/2014/04/20/3d-printer-medical-innovation
  23. ↑ 프리미엄 조선|1000년간 가장 중요한 발명은 금속활자?|공미라(세계사 저술가)| 2014.02.21.|http://premium.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/02/20/2014022004605.html
  24. ↑ [123RF] 하늘에서 미사일의 3d 그림 (Esteban De Armas) https://kr.123rf.com/%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A1%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%84/%EB%AF%B8%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%BC.html?imgtype=0&alttext=1&cko=1&start=400&sti=nul22rnd7fnyrzsgqv%7C&mediapopup=61674362
  25. ↑ [네이버 지식백과] 미사일 [missile] (21세기 정치학대사전, 한국사전연구사) https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=727167&cid=42140&categoryId=42140
  26. ↑ [한국과학기술인연합] 화약과 로켓무기의 발달사 최성우) http://www.scieng.net/column/6687
  27. ↑ [네이버 지식백과] 미사일 (시사상식사전, 박문각) https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=73115&cid=43667&categoryId=43667
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