"한국건축용어"의 두 판 사이의 차이

2016년 4월 29일 (금) 19:18 판

국-영문 한국건축용어 사전 요약 Korean-English Korean Architecture Term Glossary Overview

There are many terms unique to Korean architecture which are difficult to translate and explain. This page serves as an overview of key terms needed to understand Korean architecture, along with suggestions for English translation of these terms as well as explanations. The terms include both the parts/pieces involved in Korean architecture, as well as styles of architecture. When possible, photos or diagrams have been included.

In Korean building architecture, there are three main sections: roof (지붕 jibung), wall (벽제 byeokje), and foundation (기단 gidan). These each correspond respectively to heaven (천 天 cheon), human (인 人 in), and earth (지 地 ji). Harmony within this triad of heaven-human-earth (천인지 天人地 cheon-in-ji) is central to East Asian philosophy and can be seen in prominently in the theory behind Korean architecture. Thus, the following architecture terms have been grouped by these three classic sections. However, there are some terms (including prefixes and root words) which can be seen throughout the entire structure, and these will be explained separately as "general terms."

There will be a separate terminology section for terms referring specifically to hanok, including the various quarters and rooms: Korean-English Hanok Term Glossary.

용어 선택 Terminology Selection

When selecting appropriate English translations for the Korean terminology, we looked at three factors: 1) existing translations of the term^[1], 2) equivalent terms in Western architecture in relation to structural function and location, 3) and the prevalence of the word. When existing translations were satisfactory, we kept them. When existing terms were unsatisfactory, we tried to to find equivalent terms in Western architecture. We sought a balance between picking terms that held the same function as the Korean term, along with ones that had a similar location in the structure. For example, the term changbang refers to a piece of wood that interlocks with the columns at the top of the column, serving the function of maintaining the distance between columns (basically locking them in place) and serving as the top frame of the wall. However, since the space between the columns itself is like a window, we chose the word lintel (the piece that spans across the top of a window) to refer to the changbang because it, too, spans the gap between columns. In this way, we had to make some compromises, choosing words that look like or are located in a similar place in Western architecture, but serve a slightly different structural function. Finally, we considered the prevalence of the term, i.e. whether the term is known by ordinary people, or whether it terminology only experts know. While choosing accurate terms is important, if the average reader has never seen the word before, it is not very helpful to convey the message. Therefore, when possible, we tried to use more common and more simple terminology, although this was not possible all the time.

기본 용어 General Terms

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Diagrams

지붕부 Roof Section

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Diagrams

벽제부 Wall Section

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Diagrams

기단부 Foundation Section

Diagrams

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References

1. ↑ 1. KCH, 2. 문화재청 (Cultural Heritage Administration), 3. "한국문화재용어사전(Korean Cultural Heritage Terminology Dictionary" 한국국제교류재단(Korea Foundation)
2. ↑ If the term kan is used, it must be explained. If there is not enough space for an explanation, the term bay can be used instead of the word kan. However, the term bay itself is not widely used and is not an exact translation. Furthermore, the concept of measuring a structure's width by counting the spaces between columns may be confusing to Western audiences, who would more likely take note of the number of columns. Thus, in some cases, it may be appropriate to just refer to the number of columns, rather than the number of bays. I.e. a 4x2 kan building would be a 5x3 column building.
3. ↑ Not to be confused with 팔각지붕, a common misunderstanding
4. ↑ it is sometimes misinterpreted and mistranslated as "eight-sided roof."
5. ↑ The number of crossbeams depends on the width of the structure