DH 교육용 위키 - 사용자 기여 [ko]

백광훈 편지 번역

2016-07-25T03:43:50Z

HWLya:

[[File:Back.png|right|thumb|[[2016 Hanmun Workshop (Intermediate)|Main Page]]]]

==='''Student 1'''===

It's been many days since you left. You must think of me. You can imagine my pain. I don't know whether your mother was doing allright during the second month. I think about her especially now. Did your wife give birth without any problems? After giving birth, taking care of a mother might be more difficult. It's not possible to relax my mind even for one moment. I'm looking at people who are taking examinations these days. It's not what average people with leisure time can hope for. If you're thinking about taking it, that's how it looks like. Just draw down the curtains and gather the fireflies to study. Study diligently all day and night, there is no other way. I'm looking at people who come and go 1000 miles with injured hourses and crippled slaves. In the first place, it might be better to be illiteral and happy. There still remain 3 years of hardships. Even once I didn't achieve success. Also heaven is heartless. Take a lesson in that, you must start your school work from young age. If you miss the timing, what benefit would there be? I don't have a brush and ink. If I get them, I'll send them later to you. I'll stop here.

==='''Student 2'''===

寄亨南書己卯 (白光勳, 玉峯別集)

別汝今幾日。以汝之思我, 想我之苦。汝毋二月安過與否未知。
I have been separated from you several days now. Imagine my distress with your longing for me me. I do not know yet whether or not your mother got through the second month peacefully.

尤倍悶慮。汝妻已能無事解産耶。産後調護爲尤難。一時不能弛于懷也。
This has added even more to my worries and anxiety. Has your wife already been able to safely give birth? Taking care after giving birth is exceptionally difficult. For a period of time you will not be able to slacken in your concern.

觀今取第之人。殊非泛泛優閑之人所可望。
If you observe the people who take the exam these days. It certainly is not something people who waft around leisurely and carefree can hope for.

汝等若不得無念於此。只在下帷聚螢。晝夜矻矻而已。
You are all as such that you manage not to lack intention in this. Be completely immersed in it, lower the curtains and collect fireflies. Day and night work and work and that’s it.

見千里殘奴瘦馬空來空去者。
Consider these cases of a thousand miles, injured servants, meagre horses, coming empty and going empty. It is comfortable then to be unworthy and ignorant of characters.

兄主三年苦留。竟至無一之成。天亦不仁。
My esteemed brother spent three years lingering bitterly.In the end he had not even one success. Heaven in this case is not benevolent.

汝等其懲於此學業須在於早。苟入蹉跎之境。徒恨何益?
You should learn a lesson from this this and your studies should absolutely start early. If you get into the condition of slipping and falling. There will be only regret. What benefit is there to it?

筆墨時無得。如得之。隨後可送。不一
The brush and ink I could not get this time. If I get them, then I can send them later. That is all for now.

==='''Student 3'''===

It has been many days since you left. You must think of me. You can also imagine my pain of missing you. I do not know whether your mother was doing all right during the second month. I think about her especially now. Was your wife able to give birth without any difficulty? After giving birth, taking care of a mother might be even more difficult. I am not able to relax my mind even for one moment. Looking at people who are taking civil examinations these days, it is not something that people enjoying leisure time can achieve. If you have intentions of taking it, that's how it looks like, draw down the curtains and gather the fireflies to study [study despite the difficulty]. I am looking at people who come and go 1000 miles with injured hourses and crippled slaves with any accomplishment. Afterall, it might be better to be illiterate and happy. My own brother has tried for 3 years without single success. If the heaven could be kinder! Take a lesson in that, you must start your school work in advance. If you lose the timing and grief over that, what benefit would there be? I could not acquite brush and ink for now. If I get them, I will send them to you later. I will stop here.

==='''Student 4'''===

(2) 寄亨南書己卯 (白光勳, 玉峯別集)

How many days passed till now since I got separated from you. With thinking of yours about me it makes me sad. I don’t know whether your mother is passing the 2nd month safely or not. My worries are further doubled [for both of you]. Was your wife able to give birth without problems? After the birth the care [of her] can be much more difficult. For ths time, you cannot loosen your mind. Looking now at the people who take the state exams in these days. Especially the floating everywhere it is not something a man of leisure can hope for. You all do not get any intention in that. There is only the gathering of fire flies under the curtain. [It is] day and night only of hardworking. I saw thousand miles of crippled servants and underfed horses, those who were coming and going in vain. In the first place, it is not like the comfort of not knowing the characters. [Your] brother was dwelling in misery for three years. In the end, he did not reach [even] one thing. Heaven is not benevolent either [to him]. You all should take lessons from this that studying [should be] found by any means in early hours. You entered the limit of slipping and loosing timing at all. You will regret, how can you benefit? Do not have more of ink and brush for now. If I get some, I can send it [to you] later. I will stop here.

==='''Student 5'''===

(2) 寄亨南書己卯 (白光勳, 玉峯別集) A letter sent to Hyeongnam in the gimyo year [1579] (Paek Kwanghun, Ogbongbyeol-jib)

1)別汝今幾日。以汝之思我。想我之苦。
How many days since we have been separated? Thinking of me, do you imagine my pain?

2) 汝毋(母)二月安過與否未知。尤倍悶慮。
Your mother in the second month she is well whether or not I don’t know. I further worry about her.

3)汝妻已能無事解産耶。産後調護爲尤難。
Was your wife was able to give birth without difficult? After giving birth, take care [of her] will become more difficult.

4)一時不能弛于懷也。觀今取第之人。殊非泛泛優閑之人所可望。
Even a moment I cannot detach in concerning. Looking at people who are taking examination these days. Especially average people with a lot of time are not people we can hope for.

5)汝等若不得無念於此。只在下帷聚螢(1)。晝夜矻矻而已(2)。
If you cannot have not intention in this, there could be just fireflies under curtains. Day and night you just have to be only like a stone.

6)見千里殘奴瘦馬。空來空去者。初不若不識字之爲安也。
Looking at travelling a thousand miles with injured servant and lean horse, come in vain and go in vain, after all is not a good as people who don’t recognize characters.

7)況(兄)主三年苦留。竟至無一之成。天亦不仁。
My brother suffered for three years, in the end does not reach success at all. Heaven too is not benevolent.

8)汝等其懲於此學業須在於早。苟入蹉跎之境。徒恨何益。
From this you take the lesson, your study must start early. If you enter the circumstance of studying and using timing, what will be the benefit to regret?

9)筆墨時無得。如得之。隨後可送。不一。
Brush and ink are now not obtainable, if I get them. Later, I will send them. All stop here.

(1) Reference to the anecdotic story link to the expression‎ 車胤聚螢.
(2) This expression‎ seems appeared the first time in the Hanshu 漢書.

==='''Student 6'''===

(2) 寄亨南書己卯 (白光勳, 玉峯別集)

別汝今幾日。以汝之思我。想我之苦。汝毋二月安過與否未知。尤倍[1] 悶慮。汝妻已能無事解産耶。産後調護爲尤難。一時不能弛于懷也。觀今取第之人。殊非泛泛優閑之人所可望。汝等若不得無念[2]於此。只在下帷聚螢。晝夜矻矻而已。見千里殘奴瘦馬。空來空去者。初不若不識字之爲安也。況主三年苦留。竟至無一之成。天亦不仁。汝等其懲於此學業須在於早。苟入蹉跎[3]之境。徒恨何益。筆墨時無得。如得之。隨後可送。不一。

How many days has passed since parting from you? You may consider my suffering as that you have been missing me. I don’t know whether your mother had been doing well during the second month. I’m fretting about thinking it. Was your wife giving birth without difficulty? As it is hard to recover after childbirth, you should not neglect to take care of her for a moment. When seeing civil service examinees theses days, especially, a mediocrity man never allows to achieve that. You should just lower curtain and gather the glow of a firefly, then read the book all day and night. When I see the exhausted servant with skinny horse returning from one thousand miles, it does not seem as good as those who are comfortable illiterate person. My brother had suffered from studying for three years, but he did not reaches a single success, eventually. Heaven is not benevolent, either. You should train yourself severely. Learning has to be performed while young. If you were stumble, you would regret it, then what can you benefit from it? Now, I can not get the brush and ink. When I get them, I would send them to you. I have to say good bye now.

Note
[1] 尤倍: worry more
[2] 不得無念 double negative
[3] 蹉跎 losing timing, stumble

==='''Student 7'''===

寄亨南書己卯 (白光勳, 玉峯別集)
Letter sent to Hyeongnam, /gimyo/ cyclic year [1579] (Baek Gwang-hun, Ogbongbyeol-jjb)

How many days since [I] separated [from] you. With your thinking of me, do you imagine my pain?
Whether or not your mother did well during the second month [1], I do not know. I’m concerned and worry further about her. Was your wife able to give birth without great difficulty? Care after birth can become more difficult. Even for a moment you cannot be relaxed in worry.
Looking at people taking the civil servant examinations [2] these days; it is especially not something mediocre people with time can hope for. If you don’t not have intention in this civil service examination, just draw down the curtain and gather fireflies [3] [to study]. Day and night you just have to [give] effort.
Looking at travelling 1,000 miles with crippled servant and underfed horse [4], those who come and go emptily without accomplishment, after all it is not as good as the comfort of not knowing characters.
My own brother suffered for three years, in the end he reached not even success. The heaven is not kind.
In this you take the lesson [that] studying should start early. If you enter the realm of studying losing timing and regret it, what will the benefit be?
I couldn’t get the brush and inkstone before now. Accordingly later [I] can send. Say no more. [5]

[1] 보릿고개 : period when the rice grains run out, and the wait for barley begins; the in between.

[2] 取第 취제 examinees of the civil servant examination.

[3] the phrase “只在下帷聚螢” comes from the allusion “螢雪之功” (형설지공) : to make every effort to study despite all the hardships to the point of using fireflies and snow as light sources.

[4] 殘奴瘦馬 *The term 瘦馬 also signifies an untalented scholar who labours a lot but without much accomplishment.

[5] 不一 expression‎ used to end letters.

==='''Student 8'''===

How many time have passed since we apart. You can understand my suffering by perception that it is [as strong as] you desire of seeing me.
I worry about how your mother will go through the 2nd [lunar] month. It doubles my worries and concerns.
I hope that your wife delivered the baby without any problems. And the afterbirth care will not cause any trouble. During this period you cannot relax.
Today I have seen ones who are passing the examination. This is not leisure and carefree people may desire. If you do not unthinking about examination then pull down the curtain and gather the fireflies to learn diligently in the days and nights.
I have seen many injured servants and thin houses walking [the road] and going back empty.
Maybe it is better not be literate at all. My elder brother suffered for 3 years (before he succeed in the examination).
At the end I did not achieve anything. The Heaven is not humane. In this you also can find the lesson, you should start your education early.
Now you are stepping on the frontier where you can stumble and fall. But after all what you will get?
[By the way] I could not find the writing brush and the ink stone.
If I get it I will send it soon afterwards.
That is all (I omit other details).

==='''Student 9'''===

To Hyong-nam, letter from the month Kimyo[1]

How many days passed since we are far away from each other! Knowing, that you miss me too, my sorrow gets deeper. I don’t know whether your mother is passing the winter safely and my worries increase two times.
I hope your wife gave birth without problems. She needs cares after the delivering. Now you could not be able to feel ease in your mind even for a while.
I am looking at the people, going to take the exams. It is not a task, which could be done by people, spending their time in leisure. But no one of you is like them. You just have to gather your fireflies under the curtain[2]. Day and night working hard. Look at these weary servants and skinny horses, traveled [so many times] thousand li[3]! Going and coming back in vain. It is much more comfortable to live in the calm of not-knowing the books. Your brother lived for three years in hardship and in the end he did not succeed. Heaven was not benevolent. You should learn from this and know that the base of success is in the early start. It is now the time for your success and you should not miss your chance [and prolong your study]. Success comes after long suffering.
I can not find ink and brushes. When I have it, will send it to you.
I will stop here.

1 This letter is from Paek Kwang-hun (白光勳|백광훈) to his son Hyong-nam (亨南|형남): Collected works of Okpong Paek Kwang-hun (白光勳, 玉峯別集).

2 Tradition says that in the past poor scholars have not been able to procure lights and gathered fireflies to illuminate their room at night while they are studying.

3 Li – unit of distance. About 500 meters.

==='''Student 10'''===
How many days has it been since I got separated from you. With your thinking of me, imagine my pain. Your mother, whether or not she did well during the second month, I do not know. I further worry [about her]. Was your wife able to give birth without much difficulty? After birth care can be more difficult. You cannot loosen your worry and concern. Looking at people who are taking the examinees for the civil service exam these days, it is not something mediocre people with time can hope for. If you do not have no intention in [taking the exam] draw down the curtains and gather fireflies(1). Day and night, be busy and nothing else.
I look at those who come and go in vain a thousand miles with under fed horses and crippled servants; after all, it might as well be better just to be illiterate and happy. With nothing, one comes, with nothing he leaves. My own elder brother suffered for three years and eventually reached a point of no success. Heaven is not benevolent. From this, take your lesson. Your study must start early. If you miss the right time, what benefit would there be to regret? I don’t have a brush and ink for now. If I get them, I will send them to you letter. I shall end it here.

==='''Student 11'''===

==='''Student 12'''===

김득연 편지 번역

2016-07-25T03:34:59Z

HWLya:

[[File:Back.png|right|thumb|[[2016 Hanmun Workshop (Intermediate)|Main Page]]]]

==='''Student 1'''===

金得硏書翰 (한국학중앙연구원 장서각 편,『명가의 고문서』7)

A letter from Kim Tŭkyŏn

I received this letter with prostration and extreme gratitude. You humbled yourself to check my well-being. I came to know that your body is fully well and the extremity of my gratitude and appreciation does not allow me to calm down my emotions. Furthermore, you gave me with sincerity your generous guidance and at the same time you bestowed me the precious treasure from the sea. I hold it up and bowing, I do not know how to describe my gratitude. Me, with white hair and in the end of my path, by chance I received the post of chikmun[4], fortunately I still have a chance. However, I stopped reading classical books, my spirit and my perception are old and hazy. Although sometimes I open the book and read, I close the book and I forget. Again, is there any hope that it would change? Looking back, I have nothing to see, nothing is as good as just sitting quietly but I cannot avoid my habit of getting entangled [with things]. Again I made up this plan to raise myself by force. I am the one who does not know his own capacity. Laughable. Your son is travelling around for long and has not seen any gain of accomplishments. Perhaps he is getting benevolence[5] when travelling. Every time I receive such a sincere order from you, I am so worried and do not know what to do. I come and go without any point and it has been only within one month. It only depends on your daughter’s proceeding [with a matter]. The grace of the bow, I feel now great appreciation. [However,] the use of the excellent armour[6] does not fit to the old scholar, so I feel extremely sorry. I wish you my added blessing for the coming in the cold weather, take care of yourself.

[4] 直門
[5] 輔仁
[6] 八札

==='''Student 2'''===

When I was missing you, I threw myself on the floor to bow as I received your letter in which you humbled yourself. Knowing fully that you are safe and sound, because of the greatness of my gratitude and appreciation, I cannot compose myself. Furthermore, you gave me your generous teachings diligently/with sincerity, and concurrently you bestowed me delicacies from the sea (aka seafood), I received them with respect and bow, and do not know how to describe it). I, Yeon, my hair gray at the end of my life's path, I stumbled upon an official post, a fortune I had. However, I stopped reading classics, and my spirit and mind are old and blurry. Although per chance I open the book and read, I close the book and forget right away – again, what can I hope for? Looking back there is nothing to show, I might as well sit still. I could not avoid getting the old habit of involved in things, and I conceived this plan of raising myself up by force, I am so called one who does not know his own capacity, LOL (laughable). Your son’s long time of going around about, having not seen the benefit/gain of accomplishment, truly being lost in his directions from his helping out his friends. Also, every time I receive your sincere request of this degree, I sincerely am afraid that I cannot carry it out. My coming and going in vain is only within a span of one month. I only wait for your daughter to make a decision. I feel a great appreciation for the graciousness of the bow, The use of excellent armor is not appropriate for an old scholar. On the contrary I am extremely sorry. My added blessing before you for the coming cold weather. Take care of yourself for the country. I bow to before your care. I humbly bow to you and raise/send a letter of appreciation to you. Keeping it short.

==='''Student 3'''===

I read your letter in admiration. I get to know well that your honorable body’s being healthy and fine. The gratitude of my relief does not allow me calm down my emotion. Nonetheless, I am receiving your generous and sincere teachings in all my sincerity. At the same time, you bestowed me fish. I humbly bow to you. I don’t know how to describe my gratitude. At the end of my life, by chance I stumbled upon the straight post, so I am still fortunate. However, I stop reading. My spirit, my perception, my mind are old. Although I opened the book and read it before, if I close the book, what could I hope for again? Looking back, I have nothing good to show up. I sat quietly. I could’t avoid my old habits by getting involved with things. I made up this plan to raise up myself by force. So called, I have become the person who doesn’t know their capacity in themselves. (LOL)
Your son has been traveling around for a long time. He has no gain of accomplishment. In fact, he has been hanging out with his friends, then he lost his direction. In addition, every time I receive your sincere order, I have been afraid that I could not practice it. I have been at lost in vain. Uselessly, I have been coming and going, but it takes only a month. Hope your daugther’s decision to proceed to do. I have the graciousness of the above, so I really feel great appreciation. The use of eight layer armor does not fit to old scholar. Where should I go in that? I’m extremely sorry.
It’s getting cold. I bless the rest for you. Take care of yourself for the coutry. I bow to you with caring of yourself. Moreover, I’m humbly bowing to you with my letter of appreciation. I’ll make it short.

==='''Student 4'''===

金得硏書翰 (한국학중앙연구원 장서각 편,『명가의 고문서』7)
Letter of Kim Deuk-yeon

懸慕中, 伏복承辱問, 備審令體冲福, 感慰之至, 無任下懷。
In admiration and missing you, I received your letter humbly in prostration, providing this attention makes my body soaring in happiness*, the extremity of my gratitude and appreciation does not allow me to put down this emotion.

*Really not sure for the translation of: 備審令體冲福.

況蒙厚諭勤懇, 兼貺황海珍, 欽奉且拜,罔知爲喩。
Furthermore, I am receiving your generous advice with respect and my sincerity, at the times you are offering me this precious fish, I receive it and bow, I don’t know how to describe it.

硏, 白首末路, 偶得直門, 幸則有矣。
I, old and going to my path, by chance I have my function. Fortune, I still get.

但廢讀經書, 神精老瞶, 雖或披閱, 掩卷輒忘, 更復何望。
However, I stop reading classics, my spirit and my mind are old and hazy. Even though sometimes I open it and read, when I cover the book I forget immediately, what could I hope for again?

自顧無狀, 莫如坐停, 而未免舊習纏繞전요, 爲此强起之計, 所謂不知量者矣, 可笑。
Looking back I don’t have nothing to show, is not as good as just sat quietly. I could not avoid my old habit of getting involve with things, now I make this plan of rising myself by force. So called person who doesn’t know his own capacity, it’s laughable.

令胤遠遊之久, 未見成就之益, 實坐輔仁迷方, 而每承勤命至此, 徒切愧懼。
Your son travel around for a long time, he hasn’t see gain of accomplishment, maybe he has too much fun outside with his friends* and he lost himself. Every time receiving such sincere request to these degree, I go in a point of felling shame and worried.

*Here we take “輔仁” as “with friends” by circumlocution. We think the author use this expression‎ referencing the Analects. See Lunyu XII.24.

硏之虛往空還, 只在一月之間, 惟竢令愛進退之而已。
I, going and coming in vain, only on a matter of month, only depends on your daughter’s advance and retreat.

烏號之惠, 尤覺感佩, 八札之用, 不合老儒, 反極未安。
The grassiness of a bow, I fell really appreciate, the use of eight layer armor, but not fitting to an old scholar, so on the contrary I am extremely sorry.

餘祝向寒, 爲國保重。
I wish you blessing for the coming winter, take care of yourself for the country.

伏惟令照, 謹拜上謝狀, 不宣。
I’m beg to take care of yourself, I prostrate humbly and raise this thank letter. Not loudly.

==='''Student 5'''===
Letter from Kim Duk-yon[1]

Bowing down, I receive this letter with admiration and extreme gratitude. Now I know that you are in good health and in safe and I can’t calm down my joyous emotions. I am receiving your generous guidance sincerely, and the precious treasure form the sea. I take offered gifts with a deep bow and remain silent.
At the end of my path, with white hair, I have the happiness of studied pupils. I stopped reading classics, my mind became old and hazy. Sometimes I open a book and read, but soon after I close it, I forget what I was reading. There is no hope for me. I am just sitting here, and if I look back, I have nothing to see. And now, I have to come back to my old habits and to force my self again doing things, overcoming my capabilities. It is so ridiculous!
Your son’s long traveling did not bring any results and he lost in his friendships. Every time I accepted your request, I only wasted my time. One month going and coming back in vain. This time everything depends on your daughter.
I receive the bow with gratitude, but the eight-layered armor[2] does not fit to one old scholar. I am sorry.
Вe blessed in the coming winter and protect yourself in the name of the country. I am sending you my letter of appreciation, humbly lowing down.
I will stop here.

1 Letter from Kim Duk-yon, Academy of Korean Studies, Jangseogak Archive, Documents of distinguished scholars 7 (金得硏書翰|김득연 서한 (한국학중앙연구원 장서각 편, 명가의 고문서 7).

2 According to Chinese legend, seven-layer armor was once pierced by an excellent shooter. Since than, eight-layer armor became a symbol of invincibility.

==='''Student 6'''===

In admiration I receive respectively and humbly your massage, asking you sending regards to me. I know fully that you are fully well. The extremity of my gratitude and appreciation does not allow me to put down this emotion.
Furthermore you gave me your generous explanation with all sincerity, I received it and the seafood holding it up and paying all my politeness not knowing the proper description of it.
I at the end of my pass was happy to receive a jikwi [title] (maybe a private student), I am happy to have it.
However I stopped reading the Confucian canon as my mind is old and I do not see well. When I open the book to read it and then close it, I don’t remember the content, so I am hopeless.
Looking back I don't have nothing to show. It is not as good as just sit quietly , I could not avoid my old habit to be involved with things. I make up this plan to raise my self by force. I have become the person who does not know the amount of himself . It is laughable。
Your son travels a lot, he does not see any gain of accomplishment . He's just hanging with his friends and his benevolence have lost his way . Every time when I receive your request I just so worried and at lost in vane.
I was going and coming back. It would take only a month. AndIt only depends on your daughter proceed and retreat.
The bow (wūháo bow) is good, but the 8 layer armor does not go with the old scholar, and I’m sorry for [saying] it.
The gratitude (your grace) of bow, I feel this gratitude even more, the use of 8 layer armor (inpenetrable) is does not do together with this old scholar. Although I’m extremely sorry.
The winter is coming. I'm begging you to take care of yourself for the country.
I am sending my letter of appreciation to you bowing respectively.
I should stop here [though I have many other things to say].

==='''Student 7'''===

I received this letter in admiration as I remembered you, in prostration as you humble yourself to check my well-being. I came to know that your body is safe and sound and the greatness of my relief doesn’t allow me to calm down my emotions. Furthermore, I am receiving with sincerity your generous teachings. At the same time you bestowed me some precious treasures from the sea(1), I receive those and bow, not knowing what to say. As for me, white headed and at the end of my path, I by chance stumbled upon a small government post; fortune, i still get. However, I stopped reading classical books, my spirit and mind are old and hazy. Although at times I open a book and read, when I close it I forget right away. Again, what can I hope for? Looking back, I don’t have anything to show, I might as well sit still. But I could not avoid my old habit of getting involved in things, and I conceived this plan to raise myself up by force. I have become one of those who don’t know the amount of themselves. This is laughable. Your son has travelled around a long time, he hasn’t seen any accomplishment, [maybe] he has been having fun with his friends and got lost. Each time I receive your sincere request, I worry and am shameful. My coming and going in vain takes only about a month, it depends on your daughter’s proceed or retreat. I feel a great appreciation for the graciousness of the bow; the eight-layered(2) armor does not fit an old scholar, so on the contrary I am extremely sorry. I wish you blessing for the coming winter; for the country, take care of yourself. I bow to you, raising this letter of appreciation. I shall make this short.

(1) the author of the letter, Kim Dukyeon, is here referring to fish.
(2) excellent armor

==='''Student 8'''===

==='''Student 9'''===

==='''Student 10'''===

==='''Student 11'''===

==='''Student 12'''===